A Project Traning Seminar ON STUDIO CENTRE Taken at ALL INDIA RADIO ,SAWAI MADHOPUR

[session 2010-11] Submitted to: Ms. Garima Mathur Head Department of E & C Submitted by: Akshay Jain B.Tech 7thSem (EC07006)

Department of Electronics & Communication Jaipur Engineering College, Kukas,Jaipur

WHAT IS AIR
All India Radio (abbreviated as AIR), officially known as Akashvani is the Radio broadcaster of India and a division of Prasar Bharati(Broadcasting Corporation of India). Today, it is the sister service of Prasar Bharati's Doordarshan (the national television broadcaster). All India Radio is one of the largest radio networks in the world.

GROWTH
When India attained Independence in 1947, the AIR network had only 6 stations. The coverage was 2.5% of the total area and was just 11% of the population. AIR today has a network of 232 broadcasting centers with 149 medium frequency(MW), 54 short frequency (SW) and 171 FM transmitters. The coverage is 91.79% of the area, serving 99.14% of the people in the largest democracy of the world. In external services, it covers 27 languages; 17 national languages and 10 foreign languages.

STUDIO CENTRE
The studio centre have many department:1. Studio 2. Control room 3. Recording & dubbing room 4. Ancillary room

STUDIO
The place where a program is being produce.

Requirement : Broadcast studio should be free from extraneous noise. Area should be insulated from outside sound. The studios are to be specially treated to give an optimum reverberation time and minimum noise level It should have separate announcer booth. At the outside there should be warning lamp, which glows Red when the studio is ON-AIR.

STUDIO OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS

Facility for selection of output of any equipment like a microphone or a tape deck or a turntable. Facility for aural monitoring to check the quality of sound production. Visual signaling facility between announcer booth and control room. Facility of master switching is also required.

ANNOUNCER CONSOLE
Announcer booth contain a mixing consol called announcer consol or transmission booth or play back studio.

Functions: For mixing and controlling the programs. For transmission of program either live or recorded. Technical Facilities: Two microphone Two turn table Two play back decks

CONTROL ROOM
Control consol used for further mixing. It is also called switching console.

Functions of control consols: Switching of different sources for transmission like News, other satellite based relays,live broadcast from recording studio. Level equalisation and level control. Quality monitoring. Signaling to the source location. Communication link between control room and different studios.

RECORDING & DUBBING ROOM

Equipments:

Console tape recorders Console tape decks Recording/dubbing panel having switches, jacks and keys etc. In dubbing room an additional tape deck and a mixer unit have been provided.

Functions of recording & dubbing room: For recording of programmes originating from any studio. For recording of programmes available in the switching consoles in control room. For dubbing of programmes available on cassette tape. For editing of programmes For mixing and recording of programmes

ANCILLARY ROOM
It consists of many rooms like: Battery room, A.C. rooms, Switch gear room, DG room, R/C room, Service room, Waiting room, Tape library etc.

BROADCASTING CHAIN
Introduction:The broadcast of a programme from source to listener involves use of studios, microphones, announcer console, switching console, telephone lines / STL and Transmitter. Normally the programmes originate from a studio centre located inside the city/town for the convenience of artists. The programme could be either live or recorded.

Block schematic of Broadcasting Chain

TRANSMITTER
Used to produce radio frequency for radio transmission is called transmitter. There are two section :1. RF section 2. AF section

Block Diagram of Modern FM Transmitter

SPECIFICATIONS
Frequency range

:- 1427- 1660 MHz I/P and O/P audio level :- 0dbm Power output :- 3 Watt Output impedance :- 50 Ohm Antenna :- Parabolic reflector dish type Intermediate Frequency:- 35 MHz at receiver Total harmonic distortion <1% FM modulation

AMPLIFIERS IN AIR
Introduction: Basic building block of modern electronics. Used to amplify the signal. Audio amplifiers used in air studio:1. Pre-Amplifier 2. Program Amplifier 3. Monitoring Amplifier 4. Equalized Line Amplifiers

CONCLUSION
I learnt about the Studio Centre and the various rooms present in the centre. I learnt about the various stages and equipment involved right from the production of program to its transmission means Broadcasting Chain. I learnt Transmitters and Amplifiers use in the AIR.

REFERENCES
By the various Product Information Documents (PIDs) of All India Radio. Manuals of transmitter provided by AIR. Book:ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION SYSTEM :- GEORGE KENNEDY :BERNARD DAVIS