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Etymology What Is Steganography? History Evolution Live Cyber Case Study Some Terminologies Of Steganography Basic Principle in Steganography Live Demonstration Steganography Vs Crptography Steganography Tools Steganalysis Conclusion References
STEGANOGRAPHY
Etymology: The word steganos means "covered or protected", and graphy means "writing. Thus steganography means "concealed writing".
WHAT IS STEGANOGRAPHY?
Steganography is the art and science of hiding a message in a medium, such as a digital picture or audio file, so as to defy detection. Messages are hidden in such a way that no one, apart from the sender and intended recipient, suspects the existence of the message.
CONTD..
For an example, a message might be hidden within an image by changing the least significant bits to be the message bits.
EVOLUTION
Cryptography
Steganography
Watermarking
STEGANOGRAPHY
History:
Greek history warning of invasion by scrawling it on the wood underneath a wax tablet. To casual observers, the tablet appeared blank. Both Axis and Allied spies during World War II used such measures as invisible inks -- using milk, fruit juice or urine which darken when heated. Invisible Ink is also a form of Steganography.
SOME TERMINOLOGIES
Cover medium (Example-Image) Embedded message (Message to be hidden) Stego-key (Key to extract hidden message) Stego-Object (Seen by casual observer)
Key
Decoder
Communication Channel
Secret Msg
Original Image
LIVE DEMONSTRATION
CONTD
Other Types
STEGANOGRAPHY TOOLS
Steganos S-Tools StegHide Invisible Secrets JPHide Camouflage Hiderman Many others
STEGANOGRAPHY VS CRYPTOGRAPHY
Steganography
(hide existence of the secret message, but do not use encryption) Ideally nobody can see both parties are secretly communicating.
Cryptography
(encrypt the message,but do not hide the message) Anybody can see both parties are communicating in secret. Suspicious.
Innocent.
STEGANALYSIS
Identification of hidden files :
Identifying the existence of a message. Not extracting the message.
Technically, Steganography deals with the concealment of a message, not the encryption of it.
Steganalysis essentially deals with the detection of hidden content. How is this meaningful???
HOW TO IDENTIFY?
By identifying the existence of a hidden message, perhaps we can identify the tools used to hide it. If we identify the tool, perhaps we can use that tool to extract the original message.
STEGANALYSIS:METHODS OF DETECTION
Visual Detection (JPEG, BMP, GIF, etc.) Audible Detection (WAV, MPEG, etc.) Statistical Detection (changes in patterns of the pixels or LSB Least Significant Bit) or Histogram Analysis Structural Detection - View file properties/contents Size difference Date/time difference Contents modifications Checksum
ANOMALY KURTOSIS
Kurtosis The degree of flatness and peakedness of describing a frequency distribution: Random house dictionary.
CONTD
Histogram of file with embedded message.
Here it can be seen that this histogram has a noticeable repetitive trend unlike the original one.
Properties
04/04/2003 05:25p 240,759 helmetprototype.jpg 04/04/2003 05:26p 235,750 helmetprototype.jpg
FILE EXTENSION:
Hex Signature File Extension ASCII Signature
SUMMERY
Steganography is used for data hiding to provide security to confidential infromation. Its a technique which is used to hide the message within some medium. To further improve the security of the secret message in the cover image, we have used encryption to encrypt the secret message before it is embedded. While Steganography deals with hiding the message, Steganalysis deals with identifying the existence of any hidden message within file. Using steganalysis if we identify the existence of any hidden message then we can easily identify how to extract it.
REFERENCES:
Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steganography StrangeHorizons http://strangehorizons.com/steganography.shtml TIFR http://www.tifr.res.in/~sanyal/papers/Soumyendu_Steganogr aphy_Steganalysis_different_approaches.html
QUERIES