Urbanization Impact on Periyar Main Canal (PMC) Command A case study

Guided by Dr. S. Chandran V.Venkatraman Associate Professor 11im13 TCE

Presented by

Objective

To Modernize and Rehabilitate Periyar main canal system (PMC), its distributaries and tanks from urbanization and environmental degradation .

aim
1)

To assess the urbanization near the Periyar main canal(PMC) command area

2)

To assess the Present status of PMC & its Branch canal

3) 4) 5)

To assess the Present status of Ayacut To assess the Present status of the Surface Tanks To assess the Ground Truth (change detection) with the use of GIS Application

Study area
Periyar Main canal Command area

Nil - Urbanization

Urbanization

Urban expansion

H i n d u

Surface tanks

Surface tanks

Journals Urbanization

Urbanization - Global - nepal

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology 2005 - 2011 JATIT & LLS
APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING AND GIS, LAND USE/LAND COVER CHANGE IN KATHMANDU METROPOLITAN CITY, NEPAL. BHAGAWAT RIMAL, Ph.D. STUDENT

Abstract
1)

Land-use and land-cover change has become a central component in current

strategies in managing natural resources and monitoring environmental

changes.
2)

Urban expansion has increased the exploitation of natural resources and has

changed land use and land cover patterns. Rapid urbanization, therefore,
brings opportunities for new urban developments.
3)

It also has brought serious losses of arable land, forest land and water bodies. Land cover change is a major concern of global environment change

Land use statistic of Kathmandu City, Nepal. 1976 2009

Future change of kathmandu

Markov chain models are particularly useful to geographers concerned with problems of movement, both in terms of movement from one location to another and in terms of movement from one "state" to another. "State", in this context refers to the size class of a town, income classes, type of agricultural productivity, land use, or to some other variables

Kathmandu 2017

conclusion
The urban/built-up areas in the Kathmandu had a noticeable enlarge, from the analysis we can see that the urban development amend is very high in the city area, from1976-2009. Land cover is a critical element in change studies, affecting many aspects of the environmental system.

Urbanization India INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOMATICS AND GEOSCIENCES Volume 2, No 1, 2011 Quantifying land use and land cover change using geographic information system: A case study of Srinagar city, Jammu and Kashmir, India Wani, R. A, Khairkar.V. P Abstract
1)

Land use/ land cover change study is very important aspect of the natural resources data base study.

2)

The knowledge of land use and land cover is important for many planning and management activities as it is considered as an essential element for

modeling and understanding the earths features.

3)

The pressure of urbanization on Srinagar city can be drawn from the fact that the city had an area of 12.8 km in 1901which increased to 82.88 km in 1971 to 270 km in 2001

Study area
Srinagar city is located at an average elevation of 1600 meters above mean sea level and it is spread over in the heart of the oval shaped Valley of Kashmir. It is situated between 740-56 and 750-79 East Longitude and 330-18 and 340-45 North Latitude.

Land use

Land use/ Land cover of Srinagar city, 1971

Land use/ Land cover of Srinagar city, 2011

Cont.
The residential area has increased from 1074.50 hectare in 1971 to 4013.11 hectares in 2011, capturing land mainly from agriculture, marshy, vacant land and plantation .The area under collectively under water bodies and marshy land has drastically decreased from 3812.50 hectares in 1971 to 2361.40 hectares in 2011.

Urbanization Tamil nadu

African Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences 2 (5-6): 167-176, 2010

Ecological Consequences of Rapid Urban Expansion: Tirunelveli, India

N.Chandrasekar, P.Sivasubramanian and John Prince Soundranayagam Abstract
1)

The present study uses remote sensing and GIS techniques to identify the various land uses, their various transformations over a period of 7 years between 1999-2006 and their related environmental impacts.

2)

The study reveals that settlement area has enhanced about 39.19 sq.km and

agricultural land has declined about 72.65 sq.km in seven years period.
3)

It also revealed that water bodies have also drastically reduced by 20.93sq.km

Stud y area map

Land use and land cover changes

Landuse, Land cover classification of Tirunelveli -1999

Landuse, Land cover classification of Tirunelveli -2006

Cont.
Settlement: The area of settlement in 1999 was about 44.31 sq.km (9.31 %) while in the year 2006 the settlement drastically increased by 83.49 sq.km (17.21%). In the last 7 years the settlement was increased about 39.19 sq.km This change was mainly due to expansion of urban in the form of newly developed Sankar Nagar Balabackia Nagar, Kodieswaran Nagar and Barani Nagar area in the pre-existing agricultural land, waste land and

water bodies.

Cont.
Water Bodies: In 1999, the area of surface water body(rivers, streams, lakes, tanks and reservoirs) was 33.55sq.km (6.92%). While in the year 2006, it has drastically reduced to 12.62 sq.km (2.60%). For the 7 years about 20.93sq.km area of the surface water bodies decreased and converted as government buildings, settlements and some water bodies are converted as waste land because of improper maintenance

Agricultural Land: The total agriculture land (crop land and plantation) in
1999 was about 178.27 sq.km (36.75%). In 2006, it was reduced to 105.42 sq.km (21.73%). During the last 7 years total area of the agriculture land was decreased about 75.18 sq.km. The agricultural land was mainly converted as settlement and partly as mining area. Because of the development of the city, the land value has escalated and caused the conversion of agricultural land to settlement

conclusion
The present study reveals the possibility of applying Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems(GIS) techniques on evaluating the loss of agricultural land due to urban expansion and also on the exploitation of other environmental natural resources.

Urbanization Madurai
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOMATICS AND GEOSCIENCES Volume 1, No 2, 2010

Identification of Urban Sprawl Pattern for Madurai Region Using GIS Saravanan.P, Ilangovan.P

Abstract:
Urban expansion of Madurai city over its surrounding region during the period from 1991 to 2006.

Aim and Objectives:

1. 2. 3.

To identify the patterns of urban sprawl for Madurai region To study and compare the demographic change between the sample villages To spatially map the residential development of sample village

Madurai urban expansion

Cont.
1)

Earlier Madurai cities growth was based on Meenakshi Amman temple as the central place. The development was uniform around the temple and the road network established was regular in shape.

2)

So the residential and commercial activities spread evenly in all directions, as

a result the pattern of urban expansion was radial. Later the development was due to rapid population growth and due to the restriction for the vertical

development,
3)

since no construction should be higher than the towers of Meenakshi Amman temple, eventually it leads to horizontal expansion.

4)

The urban sprawl and the direction of growth of Madurai city can be explained with the help of Monocentric City Model.

5)

The total urban area of Madurai in 1991 was 54.803 Sq.kms and it expanded to 89.335 Sq.kms in 2006. The growth in urban area over fifteen years is 34.532 Sq.kms.

Cont.
Study area
1) 2)

The study focuses on the fringe villages of Madurai city. The study area extends from 78 00 to 78 13 E latitude and 9 48 to 10 01 N longitude. It consists of totally 79 villages excluding Madurai Corporation. The villages are classified into two rings.

3)

First ring comprises of 28 villages (105.025 Sq.kms) and second ring with 51 villages (168.718 Sq.kms) respectively.

4)

The total area including Madurai city covers around 327.419 Sq.kms

5)

The two villages Avaniyapuram of ring I and Othakadai of ring II

which are located on the southern and northern part of Madurai city

Cont.
6)

The total population of Avaniyapuram and Othakadai are 53,006 & 12,185 persons respectively.

7)

The geographical area of the villages are 14.95 & 1.82 Sq. Kms. Avaniyapuram town panchayat falls in class II town and Othakadai census town in class IV town as per 2001 census.

Study map

Demographic changes
The change detection is done for the period of ten years (19912001) for the sample villages. The demographic parameters and its changes were clearly illustrated in Table

Cont.

The total population of Avaniyapuram was 35,810 in 1991 and 53,006 in 2001 with an increase of about 19.36 %, eventually its raise in households was 22.29 % which show a remarkable expansion in residential area.

There was a significant increase in total main workers (+15.20), total marginal workers (+26.39) and decrease in cultivators (34.04), agricultural workers (44.52) which clearly explain the conversion of agricultural land use to urban landuse.

The chart clearly shows the decline in agricultural workers, cultivators and raise in other workers.

Cont.
Similarly as Othakadai village is considered the change in total population between 1991 and 2001 was 3273 person i.e 15.51% increase and its household was 1967 in 1991 increased to 2895 in 2001 houses as per census of India report.

Cont..

Cont.
Avaniyapuram tank play a vital role in

agriculturaldevelopment in early 90s but this tank has

been acquired by government itself for construction of housing board colonies and other public buildings.

where residential area increase agricultural land

decrease. The settlements have been increased by

12.64% where as agricultural land and water bodies have been reduced by 6.89% and 5.75% respectively.

Land use detection

conclusion
The urban sprawl is one of the potential threats to sustainable development where urban planning with effective resource utilization and allocation of infrastructure initiatives are key concerns. Thus identification and analysis of the patterns of sprawl would help in effective land use planning in urban area. It is important to study and understand the trend of urban sprawls, which ultimately focus for urban landscape planning and environmental management.

Reference
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10)

Science Direct ASCE JOURNAL OF GEOMATICS AND GEOSCIENCES Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology ftp://ftp.fao.org/agl/AGLW/fwm/ http://www.groundwatertnpwd.org.in/indexnew.htm http://www.iamwarm.gov.in/GISmap1.asp http://www.iamwarm.gov.in/ http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Basins http://ricecongress.com/previous/pdflink/

Thank u