Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Agenda
Introduction Basic Principles RF Initial Tuning Overview Case Study
Introduction
WCDMA Network Initial Tuning is aimed to make the network to be ready for launch in term of Accessibility, Retainability, and Integrity.
Basic Principles
Basic Principles
WCDMA General Priniciple Ericsson WCDMA RAN Functionality
1850
Spectrum Allocation
1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150
2010 M Hz
2200
2250
ITUA llocations
1885 M Hz
IM 2000 T UM TS
M SS
IM 2000 T
2025 M Hz 2110 M Hz
M SS
2170 M Hz M SS 2170 M Hz
Europe
G 1800 DECT SM
1880 M Hz 1850 M W Hz LL
M SS 1980 M Hz W LL M SS 1980 M Hz
UM TS
China
G 1800 SM
1885 M Hz
IM 2000 T
IM 2000 T
M SS
Hz 1885 M 1918 M Hz
PHS 1895 M Hz
IM 2000 T
M SS
IM 2000 T
M SS
2160 M Hz
A D B A EF C
PCS
A D B A EF C
M SS
M Reserve D M SS S
1850
1900
1950
2000
2050
2100
2150
2200
2250
UMTS Spectrum
Frequency Division Duplex; 2x60 MHz UTRA Paired Band: WCDMA Uplink: 1920-1980 MHz Downlink: 2110-2170 MHz
TDD 1900
FDD UL 1950
FDD DL 2150
Time Division Duplex UTRA Unpaired Band: UTRA TDD & TD-SCDMA 1900-1920 MHz and 2010-2025 MHz
Large bandwidth
Continuous transmission and reception
t
MS 1 MS 2 MS 3
Code
f
5 MHz
Coding Concept
User Information bits are multiplied with the quasi random bits called chips causing the information to be spread over a wide bandwidth
Orthogonal Code 1
Sync. Bits
Orthogonal Code 2
Vocoder Vocoder
RF Out
Orthogonal Code
Orthogonal Code Known as Channelization Code The output is a stream of bits, which is called Chip Chip Rate for WCDMA is 3.84 Mbps Used to differentiate data channels within the Users
Scrambling Code
Known as Pseudo Noise Code (PN) 512 Primary Scrambling Codes DL Several million codes UL PN code 1 PN code 1 PN code 4 Differentiate RBS in DL PN code 3 Differentiate user in UL BS 1 transmits on PN code 1
PN code 2 PN code 5 PN code 2 PN code 6
BS 2 transmits on PN code 2
Network Architecture
Handover
Capability Allow UE to have mobility in the connected mode with maintained quality and minimum resource utilization Type of Handover Soft/Softer Handover IFHO IRAT
Handover Flow
RNC
MEASUREMENT CONTROL
UE
Perform Measurements UE evaluation
MEASUREMENT REPORT
Evalutation Execution
MEASUREMENT CONTROL
Power Control
Capability Maintain good quality connection Minimize UL and DL power utilization
Power control on DEDICATED CHANNELS (DCH) ensures sufficient connection quality while minimizing impact on other connections.
Power Balancing
The RNC and UE uses Outer Loop power control to calculate UL and DL quality targets to which the UE and RNC shall adjust its transmitted power.
Inner loop
DL-TPC ULTPC P(SIR-Target, DL) SIR-Error,UL
UL-Outer loop
SIR-Target,UL
RNC
DL-Outer loop
BLER-Measured,DL
Open loop
P(Startvalue)
SIR-Target,DL
Initial Power Setting in UL and DL uses Open Loop. It ensures reliable connection setup, minimal impact on existing connections (UL) and avoids excessive power (DL).
RBS
Channel Switching
Capability Optimize the utilization of the radio resources by switching the UE to the most suitable transport channel based on the traffic volume, radio resource availability, radio condition, and mobility Only apply to I/B Packet Services
X
ulRlcBufUpswitch [256 bytes]
and/or
Cell_DCH 64/64 kbps UL/DL Common Channel (Cell_FACH) RACH/FACH
A request is sent to Admission Control to perform an up-switch from Cell_FACH to Cell_DCH 64/64 kbps
X
dlRlcBufUpswitch [500 bytes]
Idle Mode
Pcode
Idle Mode
DL throughput is > 90 % of max. possible bitrate on current radio bearer AND the DL code power is < [Power up-switch threshold] reportHysteresis, where the [Power up-switch threshold] is defined as Max Code Power downswitchPwrMargin Estimated Power Increase upswitchPwrMargin. Timer upswitchTimer starts.
Pcode
DL throughput is < 90 % of max. possible bitrate on current radio bearer OR the DL code power becomes >= [Power up-switch threshold] while the upswitchTimer is still running. The timer stops and no up-switch is executed.
[2.9 dB for up-switch from 64-to-128 kbps] [4.7 dB for up-switch from 128-to-384 kbps]
Idle Mode
DownswitchTimer
Cell_DCH 64/64 kbps UL/DL
DownswitchTimer
Idle Mode
UL and DL throughput falls below threshold defined by parameter downswitchThreshold and timer downswitchTimer starts.
The timer expires and a request is issued to down-switch from common to dedicated channel.
If both the UL and DL throughput is zero for a duration specified by parameter inactivityTimer, a request is sent to the Connection Handling function and further to Core via Iu, to release the connection.
Idle Mode
Capacity Management
Capability Control the load in the cells and enable the system to provide requested QoS and coverage for the UE Associated features Admission Control Congestion Control Dedicated Monitored Resource Handling
Congestion Control
Resolves
Prevents
DL code utilization
DL transmitted power
Monitors
DL code utilization DL code tree utilization (SF for users and CCHs) Compressed Mode & DL spreading Provides info about # of connections with a certain SF. This adds information about DL channelization usage. Also measure # of connections in compressed mode. Downlink transmitted power, which is affected by # of users, the type of connections and radio conditions in the cell
DL transmitted power
Air interface Speech Equivalent (ASE) UL received total wideband power (RTWP) RBS HW utilization
Admission Request
Admission Control Admission Request
Non-guaranteed, non-HO Non-Guaranteed, HO Guaranteed, non-HO Guaranteed, HO
Non-guaranteed / non-HO requests blocked when current DL code resource usage exceeds dlCodeAdm - beMarginDlCode
Block & soft congestion Block & soft congestion beMarginDlCode % of DL code tree used
Guaranteed / non-HO requests blocked when current DL code resource usage exceeds dlCodeAdm
dlCodeAdm
Soft Congestion
Soft Congestion implies down-switching an existing non-guaranteed service to a lower DL bitrate due to blocking of a non-guaranteed HO or non-HO request for lower rate or guaranteed HO or non-HO request.
Down-switch of non-guaranteed service Service class of blocked HO or non-HO admission request Non-guaranteed 384 kbps Non-guaranteed 128 kbps Non-guaranteed 64 kbps Guaranteed From To No down-switch 384 kbps 384 kbps 128 kbps 384 kbps 128 kbps 128 kbps 128 kbps 64 kbps 128 kbps 64 kbps Order of sequence N/A N/A 1 2 1 2
Blocked
Blocked
sf32Adm
Traffic class / Setup type ng non-HO requests ng HO requests g non-HO requests g HO requests Block & soft congestion Block & soft congestion Block & soft congestion Block & soft congestion beMarginDlPwr pwrAdmOffset pwrAdm DL Power usage
Non-guaranteed / non-HO requests blocked when current DL power utilization exceeds pwrAdm beMarginDlPwr Guaranteed and non-guaranteed HO and non-HO requests blocked when current DL power utilization exceeds pwrAdm Guaranteed HO requests blocked when current DL power utilization exceeds pwrAdm + pwrAdmOffset Soft congestion is triggered
Set in relation to parameter maximumTransmissionPower , which is the configured maximum power for all DL channels added together, to be used simultaneously in a cell. The current default setting assumes a max. feeder loss of 6 dB.
Block Block
Block Block
beMarginAseDl aseDlAdm DL ASE usage
Non-guaranteed / non-HO requests blocked when UL ASE usage exceeds aseUlAdm beMarginAseUl Non-guaranteed HO requests and guaranteed non-HO requests blocked when UL ASE usage exceeds aseUlAdm Guaranteed HO requests blocked when UL ASE usage exceeds aseUlAdm + aseUlAdmOffset
Non-guaranteed / non-HO requests blocked when UL ASE usage exceeds aseDlAdm beMarginAseDl Non-guaranteed HO, guaranteed non-HO and guaranteed HO requests blocked when UL ASE usage exceeds aseDlAdm
Congestion Control
2
Congestion
3 5
Admission Control
1
1.
2. 3. 4.
Cell(s)
Event based measurements
Congestion detected Order Admission Control to block new connection requests Send periodic measurements (1/s) until congestion resolved Initiate congestion resolve actions.
4 Periodic Measurements
5.
Congestion detection
DL congestion detection
DL TX carrier power pwrAdm+ pwrAdmOffset + pwrOffset pwrAdm+ pwrAdmOffset
UL congestion detection
UL Received Total Wideband Power UL congestion detected U congestion resolved
DL congestion detected
DL cong. resolved
pwrHyst
pwrHyst
Time
iFHyst
iFHyst
Time
DL cell congestion occurs when the DL carrier power exceeds the configurable threshold pwrAdm + pwrAdmOffset + pwrOffset for a duration longer than pwrHyst. DL cell congestion is considered resolved when the DL carrier power is below the configurable threshold pwrAdm + pwrAdmOffset for a duration longer than pwrHyst.
UL cell congestion occurs when the UL RTWP exceeds the configurable threshold iFCong + iFOffset for a duration longer than iFHyst. UL cell congestion is considered resolved when the UL RTWP is below the configurable threshold iFCong for a duration longer than iFHyst.
Congestion Control
Admission Control
DL Congestion
Congestion Control
Admission Control
Cell(s)
Overall Process
Work Flow
Data Collection KPI & Plots TEMS Log files Change Request
Data Preparation
Tuning Team
Analysis
Support Team
Detailed Analysis
TR & CSR
Problem Category
O&M Team
Alarm Lists
Tools
TEMS Investigation
Scanner UEs
NeXplorer MCOM3g UETR Explorer Post Processing Tool (KPI Calculation) RF Problem Sheet
Case Study
Case Study
RF Issue Pilot Pollution Low Coverage, Quality Missing Neighbor Uplink Coverage Problem Uplink Interference Network Issue Swapped Feeder Neighbor Definition (Site Down) Co SC Issue AAL2 Failure
RF Issue
Pilot Pollution
Pilot Pollution is defined to be the degradation in Ec/No of the best serving pilot owing to the presence of the other pilot signals received at a similarly high level, but which do not contribute constructively to the received signal.
Missing Neighbor
Required Neighbor Relation is not defined The Cell becomes interferer Call drop when the delta of the RF measurement between the cell and the best cell is greater than releaseConOffset
Uplink Interference
Network Issue
Swapped Feeder
Neigbour list is defined every cell individually but must be combined in a unique list when handovering
Monitored set the union of neighbours from all cells in the active set
max 32 cells
cell A31
cellx
Undefined neighbors
celly
NB Combination Algorithm
NB combination algorithm ran at RNC side
3. With moving to new cell, active set update would occur, then RNC combines two neigbour sets into one unique monitored set list. 4. New measurement control will be sent after active set updated. Contains the new monitored set information for UE.
Continually listen the system information on BCH- SIB 11 gives the neigbour information
NB Combination Algorithm
A B C A1 B1 C1 A2 B2 C2 A3 B3 C3 A4 B4 C4 A5 B5 C5 A B A1 B1
e1b cell C dropped e1a, new cell D added,it has 32 NBs in its neigbourlis t
A2 B2 A3 B3 A4 B4 A5 B5
A B D A1 B1 D1 A2 B2 D2 A3 B3 D3 A4 B4 D4 A5 B5 D5 D18
e1c, new cell E replace cell B ,it has 32 NBs in its neigbour list
Truncated cell below this line could not be added into active set, even those NBs are defined in the RNC
A E D A1 E1 D1 A2 E2 D2 A3 E3 D3 A4 E4 D4 A5 E5 D5 D6 D18
Only 5 NBs with top priority in the defined NB list of cell D can be added into new monitored list, big problem!!!
AAL2 Failure
UE Issue
UE Frozen