Introduction And Thermal Power Plant

(Steam power Plant)

INTRODUCTION
India is one of the worlds largest consumer of energy Conventional sources: Thermal, Hydro and Nuclear. Non- conventional: Wind, solar, Geothermal, tidal. Installed capacity 1,61,352MW

Annual power production 680 billion KWH

Thermal = 95151.74MW Nuclear = 4,120MW Hydro = 36877.76MW RES = 13242.41MW

Thermal Power Plants

1. 2. 3. 4. Installed Capacity 93,392.64MW Coal based 77,458.88MW Gas Based 14,734.01MW Oil Based 1199.75MW

Break up of Power
Thermal Power Plants 75% Hydro Electric Power Plants - 21% Nuclear Power Plants - 4% Installed wind power Generation 9655MW 30% to 40% of electrical power is lost in transmission and distribution

INTRODUCTORY OVERVIEW
A thermal power station is a power plant in which the:
prime mover is steam driven. Water is heated, turns into steam . spins a steam turbine. Turbine drives an electrical generator. After, the steam is condensed in a condenser and recycled to where it was heated; this is known as a Rankine cycle..

MAIN PARTS 1. Coal conveyor 2. Pulverizer 3.Boiler 4. Coal ash 5. Air preheater 6. Electrostatic precipitator 7. Smoke stack 9. Turbine 10. Condenser 11. Transformers 12. Cooling towers 13. Generator 14. High votge power lines

ENERGY CONVERSION:

Chemical Energy

Heat Energy

Mechanical Energy

Electrical Energy

LAYOUT
AIR,PRE HEATER ECO COAL HAND COAL STOR BOILER ASH STOR ASH HAND SUP HEATER

C H I

TURB

ALT

TRAN

CONDENSER

Coal handling plant

Coal handling plant section Crushing system Conveying system

CRUHING SYSTEM
CRUSHER HOUSE:- Its main function to crush the coal to 20mm Two types Primary crusher o Rail crusher o Rotary breaker Secondary crusher

CONVEYING SYSTEM
Belt are used to convey coal from coal handling plant to furnance. Specification: Belt width : 1400mm Speed : 2.2m/sec Total install power : 360kw Capacity : 1350/750 ton/hr No. of conveyor: 38

STOKER
The coal which is brought near by boiler has to put in boiler furnance for combustion. This stoker is a mechanical device for feeding coal to a furnace.

PULVERIZATION
The coal is put in the boiler after pulverization.For this pulverizer is used. A pulverizer is a device for grinding coal for combustion in a furnace in a power plant .An impact mill is used for this purpose.

BOILER
It is a closed vessel in which water under pressure is convert into steam. Hot water or steam used to transfer heat to a process. A boiler is always designed to absorb max amount of heat released in process of combustion. Furnace:- It is primary part of boiler where the fuel is burnt to liberate the heat energy.
Chemical Energy Thermal Energy by combustion

BOILER

SUPER HEATER
Super heater consist group of tubes. The tubes are heated by the heat of combustion gases during their passage from furnance to chimney.so the temperature increased. Super heater remove the moisture from the steam leaving from the boiler tubes.

CONDENSER
1) Condenser refers here to the shell and tube heat exchanger installed at the outlet of every steam turbine in Thermal power stations.
2)They are heat exchangers which convert steam from its gaseous to its liquid state.

COOLING TOWERS
The condensate water after condensation is initially at high temperature. This hot water is passed to cooling towers. It is a tower in which atmospheric air circulates in direct or indirect contact with warmer water and the water is thereby cooled.

STEAM TURBINE
It is a machine in which a shaft is rotated steadily by reaction of steam, air upon blades of a wheel. When Steam is used then called steam turbine.
Kinetic Energy Mechanical power

ECONOMISER
Flue gases coming out of the boiler carry lot of heat. Function of economiser is to recover some of the heat from the heat carried away in the flue gases up the chimney and utilize for heating the feed water to the boiler. It is placed in the passage of flue gases in between the exit from the boiler and the entry to the chimney.

Economizer

GENERATOR
An electrical generator is a machine which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy through electro mechanical energy conversion . The generator is driven by directly coupled steam turbine at a speed of 3000 r.p.m.

Mechanical power

Electrical Energy

TRANSFORMER

It is a device that transfers electric energy from one alternating-current circuit to one or more other circuits, either increasing (stepping up) or reducing (stepping down) the voltage

Generating Transformer

ASH HANDLING PLANT

It can be divided into 3 sub plants :

Fuel and Ash plant Air and Gas plant

Ash disposal & Dust collection plant.

ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR
Electrostatic precipitator is consists of a large number of collecting electrodes. In it dust particles are charged and stick to the electrodes , hammer hit electrode and dust fall down . Dust is collect in base of ESP . Then dust is removed by air HOPPER. Transparent smoke find out in chimney .