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15 ml of the waste sample was added directly into a 300ml BOD incubation bottle. The initial DO of the diluted sample was 8.8mg/L and the final DO after days was 1.9 mg/L. The corresponding initial and final DO of the seeded dilution water was 9.1 and 7.9 respectively. what is the 5 days BOD of the waste D1=dissolve oxygen after water sample. preparation BOD5 (mg/L) = (D1 D2) (B1 B2) f D2= dissolve oxygen after 5 days incubation P B1= organic matter before incubtion = (8.8- 1.9) (9.1- 7.9) 0.95 B2= organic matter after 0.05 incubtion = 115.5mg/L
f= fraction of water volume in sample to volume of dilution P= fraction of waste water volume to total combined volume
These characteristics of waste water are of fundamental importance in the control of diseases caused by the pathogenic organisms of human origin, and because of the extensive and fundamental role played by bacteria and other micro organisms in the decomposition and stabilization of organic matter both nature and in waste water treatment plant.
organism found in waste water and surface water. micro organisms associated with human diseases
Pathogenic Use
of indicator organisms and techniques used for the enumeration of bacteria of enumerate virus
Methods Methods
Eucaryotes: Cells contain membrane bound nucleus and membranous. Animals Plants Fungi Protozoa Procaryotes: No distinct nucleus and no membranous Bacteria
BACTERIA
PROTOZOA
FUNGI
ALGAE
2. By energy and carbon source: Carbon is the basic building block for cell synthesis .A source of energy must be obtained from outside the cell to enable synthesis to proceed. Our goal in waste water treatment is to convert both the carbon and the energy in the waste water in the in the cells of micro organisms which we can remove from the water by settling. Therefore we wish to encourage the growth of microorganisms that use organic material for the both their carbon and energy source.
4. By their Temperature: Each species of bacteria reproduces best within a limited range of temperature.
Psychrophiles: Grow best at temperature below 20C Mesophiles: Grow best at temperature between 25 - 40C Thermophiles: Grow best at temperature 45 - 60C Stenthermophiles: Grow best above 60C
. The anaerobic decomposition of OM generally is considered to be two step process. In the first step complex organic compounds are fermented to low molecular weight fatty acids (volatile acids).In second step the organic acids are converted to methane.Co2 served as the electron acceptor. Direct an aerobic decomposition of waste water generally is not feasible for dilute waste. the optimum growth temperature for the anerobic bacteria is at the upper end of the mesophilic range. BOD level grater than 1000mg/l an aerobic digestion is quite appropriate.
WHO recognizes that access to adequate water supplies is a fundamental human right. Water-related diseases are a human tragedy , killing millions of people each year (account for 80% of all deaths in developing countries).
Water-borne diseases . Water-based diseases. Water-related vector diseases. Water-scarce ( also called water-washed) disease
Water borne diseases are dirty-waterdiseases those caused water that has been contaminated by human ,animal ,or chemical wastes
Water-based diseases are caused by aquatic organisms that spend part of their life cycle in the water and another part as parasite of animals.
Water-related vector diseases: that are transmitted by vectors-insects or other animals . Dengue fever ( bone crusher disease)
1. Cholera:
Cause : Bacteria Cause Symptoms :diarrhoea, vomiting, dehydration lead to death. 2.Amoebic dysentery:
Cause : ProtozoaCause Symptoms :diarrhoea, dehydration. 3.Diarrhealdisease (including :amoebic and bacillary dysentery) Cause : Bacteria ,Viruses ,and Protozoa Cause Symptoms :diarrhoea, dehydration.
4.Hepatitis
5.Typhoid
Cause : Bacteria Cause Symptoms :diarrhoea, dehydration. 6.Ascariasis Cause :parasitic roundworms Symptoms : enlargement of liver, toxicity, pneumonia ,nutritional deficiency. Transmission: Faecalsoil-oral