What is a Bearing?

What is a Bearing?

Bearing is a machine element which
Bearing is a machine element which
supports another moving machine
supports another moving machine
element (journal). It permits a relative
element (journal). It permits a relative
motion between contact surfaces
motion between contact surfaces
while carrying load.
while carrying load.
What is a Bearing?
What is a Bearing?
Bearing is a machine element facilitating
Bearing is a machine element facilitating
relative motion of surfaces in contact with
relative motion of surfaces in contact with
limited consumption of energy.
limited consumption of energy.
The lower the friction
The lower the friction
The lower the energy required.
The lower the energy required.
What is a rolling bearing?
What is a rolling bearing?
It operates on the principle of rolling friction.
It operates on the principle of rolling friction.
Rolling friction is less than sliding friction.
Rolling friction is less than sliding friction.
The main components are
The main components are

The rolling elements

The rolling elements

Inner ring
Inner ring

Outer ring
Outer ring

Cage
Cage
Rolling bearings are further classified as
Rolling bearings are further classified as

Ball bearings Ball bearings

Roller bearings Roller bearings

bearing

Suitable for heavy load applications

Suitable for heavy load applications

High speed applications

High speed applications

Easy to mount and erect

Easy to mount and erect
Bearing gives satisfactory results when the
Bearing gives satisfactory results when the
ball is in contact with each race at one
ball is in contact with each race at one
point only.
point only.
Ball Bearing

Race need to have flat track

Race need to have flat track
for light load
for light load

Races are grooved, radius of curvature of

Races are grooved, radius of curvature of
grooves being slightly larger than the radius of
grooves being slightly larger than the radius of
the balls
the balls
for heavy loads
for heavy loads

More number of balls

More number of balls
Suitable for heavy
Suitable for heavy
load application
load application

Cages to maintain distance between balls

Cages to maintain distance between balls

Smooth reliable operation
Smooth reliable operation
How bearings are classified ?
How bearings are classified ?
a) a)Based on direction of load Based on direction of load
b) b)Based on nature of contact Based on nature of contact
If load acts perpendicular to the direction of rotation of the If load acts perpendicular to the direction of rotation of the
journals journals Radial bearing. Radial bearing.
If load acts along the axis of rotation of the journals If load acts along the axis of rotation of the journals
Thrust bearing Thrust bearing
If moving element has a surface contact with fixed element If moving element has a surface contact with fixed element
Sliding contact bearing Sliding contact bearing
If moving element and fixed elements have rolling If moving element and fixed elements have rolling
elements in between elements in between Rolling contact Rolling contact
bearing (Anti- bearing (Anti-
friction bearing) friction bearing)
Rolling Contact Bearing
Rolling Contact Bearing
Ball Bearing
Ball Bearing
Inner race Mounted on shaft/
Inner race Mounted on shaft/
Journal
Journal
Roller Bearing
Roller Bearing
Outer race carried by
Outer race carried by
housing/ casing
housing/ casing
Ball bearing
Ball bearing


Roller bearing
Roller bearing
The number of balls or rollers are held at
The number of balls or rollers are held at
proper distance by retainers.
proper distance by retainers.
}
Bearing Designation
Bearing Designation
Basic designation normally consist of three,
Basic designation normally consist of three,
four or five figures or combination of figures
four or five figures or combination of figures
and letters. The first figure , or first letter
and letters. The first figure , or first letter
denotes bearing type.
denotes bearing type.
Types are:
Types are:
0 0 : : Angular contact ball bearing, double row Angular contact ball bearing, double row
1 1 : : Self aligning ball bearing Self aligning ball bearing
2 2 : : Spherical roller bearing and spherical roller thrust Spherical roller bearing and spherical roller thrust
bearing. bearing.
3 3 : : Taper roller bearing Taper roller bearing
4 4 : : Deep groove ball bearing (Double row) Deep groove ball bearing (Double row)
5 5 : : Thrust ball bearing Thrust ball bearing
6 6 : : Deep groove ball bearing single row Deep groove ball bearing single row
7 7 : : Angular contact ball bearing single row Angular contact ball bearing single row
8 8 : : Cylindrical roller thrust bearing Cylindrical roller thrust bearing
N N : : Cylindrical roller bearing Cylindrical roller bearing
Ball Bearings
Ball Bearings
a)
a)
S R D G
S R D G
b)
b)
Angular Contact
Angular Contact
c)
c)
Double Row
Double Row
d)
d)
Self Aligning
Self Aligning
Roller Bearing
Roller Bearing
a)
a)
Cylindrical Roller
Cylindrical Roller
b)
b)
Spherical Roller
Spherical Roller
c)
c)
Needle Roller
Needle Roller
d)
d)
Tapered Roller
Tapered Roller
Basic Static Load Rating
Basic Static Load Rating
It is the static radial or axial load which
It is the static radial or axial load which
corresponds to a total permanent
corresponds to a total permanent
deformation of rolling element and race
deformation of rolling element and race
equal to 10
equal to 10
-4 -4
times the rolling element
times the rolling element
diameter -
diameter -
At the most heavily loaded rolling element
At the most heavily loaded rolling element
Basic Static Load Evaluation
Basic Static Load Evaluation
C C
o o
= =
0 0
i Z D i Z D
2 2
Cos Cos

I I = The number of rows of ball = The number of rows of ball
Z Z = Number of balls/ row = Number of balls/ row
D D = Diameter of the ball in mm = Diameter of the ball in mm

= Nominal angle of contact (L between = Nominal angle of contact (L between line of line of
action of load & plane action of load & plane perpendicular to axis perpendicular to axis
C C
o o
depends on Number of Balls, diameter of balls and depends on Number of Balls, diameter of balls and
Angle of contact Angle of contact

0 0
= 3.33 for self aligned bearing = 3.33 for self aligned bearing
= 12.3 for Radial & Angular Contact Bearings = 12.3 for Radial & Angular Contact Bearings
C C
o o
= =
0 0
i Z I i Z I
e e
D D

Cos Cos

- For roller bearings - For roller bearings

I I
e e
= Length of contact of Roller (mm) = Length of contact of Roller (mm)

Basic dynamic load Rating
Basic dynamic load Rating
It is the constant stationary load (Radial
It is the constant stationary load (Radial
or Axial) which a group of apparently
or Axial) which a group of apparently
identical bearings with stationary outer
identical bearings with stationary outer
ring can endure for a rating life of one
ring can endure for a rating life of one
million revolutions (500 hours of
million revolutions (500 hours of
operation at 33.3rpm) with only 10%
operation at 33.3rpm) with only 10%
failure.
failure.
Dynamic Equivalent Load
Dynamic Equivalent Load
It is the constant stationary radial load which would give It is the constant stationary radial load which would give
the same life the bearing would attain under actual the same life the bearing would attain under actual
condition of load and rotation condition of load and rotation
It is w = XAW It is w = XAW
r r
+ YW + YW
A A
A A = 1; if inner race is rotating = 1; if inner race is rotating
= 1 ; for self aligned bearing when = 1 ; for self aligned bearing when
inner race is stationary inner race is stationary
= 1.2 ; for all other bearings when inner = 1.2 ; for all other bearings when inner
race is stationary race is stationary
X X = Radial load factor = Radial load factor
Y Y = Axial load factor = Axial load factor
X and Y are obtained for various types of X and Y are obtained for various types of
bearings for Axial Radial load Ratio bearings for Axial Radial load Ratio WA WA
WR WR
Life of a bearing
Life of a bearing
It is a function of the Ratio of Basic Dynamic load
It is a function of the Ratio of Basic Dynamic load
Rating and Equivalent Dynamic Load Rating
Rating and Equivalent Dynamic Load Rating
i.e.
i.e.
C
C


W
W
L = (C/W)
L = (C/W)
k k
X 10
X 10
6 6
Revolutions
Revolutions
L = 60 NL
L = 60 NLH H

Where K = 3 for ball bearing
Where K = 3 for ball bearing


= 10/3 for roller bearing
= 10/3 for roller bearing
L
LH H
= Working Hours
= Working Hours
Reliability of a bearing
Reliability of a bearing
It is the ratio of the number of bearings
It is the ratio of the number of bearings
which have successfully completed L
which have successfully completed L
million revolutions to the total number of
million revolutions to the total number of
bearings under test
bearings under test
SRDG Ball Bearing
SRDG Ball Bearing

High Load Rating

High Load Rating

High Running Speed

High Running Speed

Handles Radial & Axial Loads

Handles Radial & Axial Loads

Non Separable design

Non Separable design
High load rating
High load rating

Size of the balls

Size of the balls
Number of the balls
Number of the balls
Axial load rating
Axial load rating

Increases with internal

Increases with internal
clearance
clearance
SRDG Ball Bearing (Sealed)
SRDG Ball Bearing (Sealed)
Z
Z


type
type
:
:
One side shield
One side shield
ZZ
ZZ

type
type
:
:
both side shield
both side shield
RZ type seals
RZ type seals
:
:
Synthetic rubber
Synthetic rubber
seals with steel
seals with steel
reinforcement
reinforcement
RS
RS
1 1
type seals
type seals
:
:
Synthetic rubber
Synthetic rubber
seal at one side
seal at one side
2RS
2RS
1 1
type seals
type seals
:
:
Synthetic rubber
Synthetic rubber


seals at both sides
seals at both sides


Steel shields
(Non-Rubbing)
Non-Rubbing
Rubbing
N type
N type
:
:
Provision for snap ring at
Provision for snap ring at
outer race.
outer race.
ZN type
ZN type
:
:
Provision for snap ring at
Provision for snap ring at
outer race & One sided shield.
outer race & One sided shield.
NR type
NR type
:
:
Snap ring or circlip at outer
Snap ring or circlip at outer
race.
race.
ZNR Type :
ZNR Type :
Snap ring or circlip at outer race
Snap ring or circlip at outer race
one side shield.
one side shield.
* Can not accommodate mis-alignment.
* Can not accommodate mis-alignment.
It loads the balls and races
It loads the balls and races
Shortens bearing life
Shortens bearing life
Leads to noisy operation.
Leads to noisy operation.
Required minimum load Radial
Required minimum load Radial

= Kinematic Viscosity of lub oil in mm

= Kinematic Viscosity of lub oil in mm
2 2
/
/
s s


n = rpm
n = rpm
2 3 / 2
100
dm
1000
n
K m F

,
_

1
]
1

dm
D d

+
2

Non-Separable design
Non-Separable design

Suitable for high speed

Suitable for high speed

Axial load carrying capacity increases with

Axial load carrying capacity increases with
contact angle
contact angle

.
.

Takes up high axial load only in one direction.

Takes up high axial load only in one direction.

Takes up relatively high radial load.

Takes up relatively high radial load.

Does not accommodate misalignment

Does not accommodate misalignment Mis- Mis-
alignment may lead of alignment may lead of

Noisy operation Noisy operation

Premature failure. Premature failure.

Externally Self Aligning

Externally Self Aligning

Internally Self Aligning

Internally Self Aligning
Accommodates shaft deflection up to 2 to 3
Accommodates shaft deflection up to 2 to 3
0 0
.
.

Available with
Available with
Cylindrical bore
Cylindrical bore
Tapered bore
Tapered bore
Shield Lithium grease lubricated
Shield Lithium grease lubricated
Load bearing capacity is low when compared with
Load bearing capacity is low when compared with
SRDG ball bearing.
SRDG ball bearing.
Adapter Sleeve suits tapered bore 1:12.
Adapter Sleeve suits tapered bore 1:12.
Axial Load laking Capacity
Axial Load laking Capacity
Fap
Fap
=
=
3 Bd
3 Bd
B
B
=
=
Width of bearing in mm
Width of bearing in mm
d
d
=
=
Bore of bearing in mm
Bore of bearing in mm
Fap
Fap
=
=
Axial load in Newtons
Axial load in Newtons

Accomodates minor angular

Accomodates minor angular
misalignment
misalignment

Possess high load bearing capacity

Possess high load bearing capacity

It can accommodate heavier axial load

It can accommodate heavier axial load

Can be operated at high speed.

Can be operated at high speed.

Inner ring with retaining flanges

Reinforced roller set

Surface furnish of Rollers and raceways -

Improves the performance and load bearing capacity
(CAC design).

Takes up high Radial Load

Takes up high Radial Load

Finds application when space is limited

Finds application when space is limited

Cannot accommodate misalighment

Cannot accommodate misalighment

It permits high speed operation

It permits high speed operation
1.
1.
Cylindrical Roller Bearings N type, Nu
Cylindrical Roller Bearings N type, Nu
Type (one ring without flange)
Type (one ring without flange)
2.
2.
Radial Needle Roller Bearing
Radial Needle Roller Bearing
All other Radial Bearings may carry some
All other Radial Bearings may carry some
axial load in addition to radial load.
axial load in addition to radial load.
1.
1.
Thrust Ball Bearing
Thrust Ball Bearing
2.
2.
Four point contact Ball bearing
Four point contact Ball bearing
Both of them take up pure axial load in one
Both of them take up pure axial load in one
direction; and no radial load.
direction; and no radial load.