A31034: ARCHITECTURAL DOCUMENTATION (2012)

Lecture 03 ARCHITECTRUAL DOCUMENTATION

Post Graduate Lecture, GATEWAY COLLEGE ,SONEPAT

Urban space documentation

City level Cluster level

Nolli Map of Rome from 1792, drawn by an architect named Giambattista Nolli

Urban design terminology

Kevin Lynch, The Image of the City (1960) Case studies in Boston, Los Angeles, and Jersey City

How people perceive the spatial arrangement their city - its legibility
Mental maps with 5 elements 1. Paths 2. Edges 3. Districts 4. Nodes 5. Landmarks

Image: examples of hand-drawn maps of Jersey City portraying Lynchs theory (pages 148-149 in The Image of the City)

Urban design terminology

Legibility
Paths Paths consists of the "channels along which the observer customarily, occasionally, or potentially moves" (Lynch, p. 47). These can include streets, paths, transit routes, or any other defined path of movement. It is important to note that the paths an individual identifies may not correspond to a traditional street network. These are often the most predominant items in an individual's mental map as this is main mechanism for how they experience their city. Edges Edges provide the boundaries that separate one region from another, the seams that join two regions together, or the barriers that close one region from another. They are linear elements, but are not the paths along with the individual experiences the built environment. They can be physical edges such as shorelines, walls, railroad cuts, or edges of development, or they can be less well-defined edges that the individual perceives as a barrier. Districts Districts are "medium-to-large sections of the city" (Lynch, p. 47). They are typically twodimensional features, often held together by some commonality. The individual often enters into or passes through these districts. According to Lynch, most people use the concept of districts to define the broader structure of their city. Nodes Nodes are points within the city, strategically located, into which the individual enters (and which is often the main focal point to which she or he is traveling to or from). There are often junctions a crossing or converging of paths. They often have a physical element such as a popular hangout for the individual or a plaza area. In many cases, the nodes are the centers of the district that they are in. Landmarks Landmarks are also a point-reference (similar to nodes). However, unlike nodes, which the individual enters during his or her travels, landmarks remain external features to the individual. They are often physical structures such as a building, sign, or geographic features (e.g. mountain). The range of landmarks is extensive, but the commonality is that there are used by the individual to better understand and navigate the built environment.

Urban design terminology

Legibility

Urban design terminology

Density Figure/ground drawing A plan showing the relationship between built form and publicly accessible space (including streets) by presenting the former in black and the latter as a white background (or the other way round). Urban grain The pattern of street blocks, development plots and their buildings. If the pattern of blocks and their subdivision into plots is small and frequent, the grain is said to be fine. Conversely, if the pattern is large and infrequent, the grain is said to be coarse. Urban block The building block of towns and cities. The arrangement of built development, buildings and land uses, in between major public routes and public spaces.

Listed building A building of special architectural or historic interest.

Permeability The degree to which an area has a variety of pleasant, convenient and safe routes through it. Public realm The parts of a village, town or city (whether publicly or privately owned) that are available, without charge, for everyone to use or see, including streets, squares and parks. Enclosure The use of buildings to create a sense of defined space.

Urban Documentation_ City level

Context Morphology Ecology Functional Structure

Urban Documentation_ City level

Context
Baseline information Evolution and growth Profiling Demography Economy Employment

Ecology
Topography Geology Climate Vegetation

Functional Structure
Urban Governance Social Infrastructure Physical infrastructure Transport network Activity patterns Major nodes Neighborhood structure Religion & ethnicity

Morphology
City structure Figure ground Landuse Open space structure Character districts

Urban Documentation_ City level

Context
Baseline information

Urban Documentation_ City level

Context
Baseline information

Urban Documentation_ City level

Context
Baseline information

Urban Documentation_ City level

Context
Evolution and growth Present condition Baseline information

Urban Documentation_ City level

Context
Evolution and growth Baseline information

Urban Documentation_ City level

Context
Evolution and growth Baseline information

Urban Documentation_ City level

Context
Evolution and growth Baseline information

Urban Documentation_ City level

Context
Evolution and growth Baseline information

Urban Documentation_ City level

Context
Evolution and growth Baseline information

Urban Documentation_ City level

Context
Profiling

Urban Documentation_ City level

Context
Profiling

Urban Documentation_ City level

Context
Demography

Urban Documentation_ City level

Context
Economy

Urban Documentation_ City level

Context
Economy

Urban Documentation_ City level

Context
Employment

Urban Documentation_ City level

Context
Culture Religion Ethnicity

Urban Documentation_ City level

Context
Baseline information Evolution and growth Profiling Demography Economy Employment

Ecology
Topography Geology Climate Vegetation

Functional Structure
Urban Governance Social Infrastructure Physical infrastructure Transport network Activity patterns Major nodes Neighborhood structure Religion & ethnicity

Morphology
City structure Figure ground Landuse Open space structure Character districts

Urban Documentation_ City level

Ecology
Topography

Urban Documentation_ City level

Ecology
Topography

Urban Documentation_ City level

Ecology
Topography

Urban Documentation_ City level

Ecology
Geology Climate Climate Special regulations-CRZ,HTL

Urban Documentation_ City level

Context
Baseline information Evolution and growth Profiling Demography Economy Employment

Ecology
Topography Geology Climate Vegetation

Functional Structure
Urban Governance Social Infrastructure Physical infrastructure Transport network Activity patterns Major nodes Neighborhood structure Religion & ethnicity

Morphology
City structure Figure ground Landuse Open space structure Character districts

Urban Documentation_ City level

Functional Structure
Urban Governance

Urban Documentation_ City level

Functional Structure
Physical infrastructure & mobility Character districts Land use Open space structure

Urban Documentation_ City level

Functional Structure
Social Infrastructure Character districts Land use Open space structure

Urban Documentation_ City level

Functional Structure
Activity patterns

Urban Documentation_ City level

Context
Major nodes

Urban Documentation_ City level

Functional Structure
Transport network Neighborhood structure Religion & ethnicity

Urban Documentation_ City level

Context
Baseline information Evolution and growth Profiling Demography Economy Employment

Ecology
Topography Geology Climate Vegetation

Functional Structure
Urban Governance Social Infrastructure Physical infrastructure Transport network Activity patterns Major nodes Neighborhood structure Religion & ethnicity

Morphology
City structure Figure ground Landuse Open space structure Character districts

Urban Documentation_ City level

Morphology
City structure Character districts Land use Open space structure

Urban Documentation_ City level

Morphology
Figure ground

Urban Documentation_ City level

Morphology
Landuse

Urban Documentation_ City level

Morphology
Open space structure

Urban Documentation_ City level

Morphology
Open space structure

Urban Documentation_ City level

Morphology
Character district

Urban Documentation_ City level

Morphology
Character district

Urban Documentation_ City level

Morphology
Character district S

Urban Documentation_ City level

Morphology
Character district S

Urban Documentation_ City level

Morphology
Character district S

Urban Documentation_ City level

Morphology
Character district S

Urban Documentation_ City level

Morphology
Character district S

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Context Morphology Functional Structure

Clusters are character districts

Slums Rehabilitation housing Commercial CBD

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Context
History & evolution

Morphology
Figure ground Landuse Building height Transport network Grade Ownership Architectural Style Elevation and section Materials Faade geometry Edge character Street character and Road sections Skyline 3D model

Functional Structure
Lynch diagrams Open space network Plaza and streets-use patterns Activity cycle Constraints and opportunities Enclosure quality Active frontage Security Identity

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Context
History & evolution

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Context
History & evolution

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Context
History & evolution

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Context
History & evolution

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Context
History & evolution

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Context
History & evolution

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Context
History & evolution

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Context
History & evolution

Morphology
Figure ground Landuse Building height Transport network Grade Ownership Architectural Style Elevation and section Materials Faade geometry Edge character Street character and Road sections Skyline 3D model

Functional Structure
Lynch diagrams Open space network Plaza and streets-use patterns Activity cycle Constraints and opportunities Enclosure quality Active frontage Security Identity

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Morphology

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Morphology_ plan form
Figure ground

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Morphology _ plan form
Landuse predominantly financial anc commercial

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Morphology _ plan form
Building height

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Morphology
Transport network

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Morphology _ plan form
Grade and ownership

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Morphology _ plan form
Age Roofscape

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Context
History & evolution

Morphology
Figure ground Landuse Building height Transport network Grade Ownership Architectural Style Elevation and section Materials Faade geometry Edge character Street character and Road sections Skyline 3D model

Functional Structure
Lynch diagrams Open space network Plaza and streets-use patterns Activity cycle Constraints and opportunities Enclosure quality Active frontage Security Identity

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Morphology _ plan form
Architectural Style

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Morphology_visual
Architectural Style

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Morphology_visual
Architectural Style

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Morphology_visual
Architectural Style

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Morphology
Architectural Style

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Morphology_visual
Architectural Style

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Morphology_visual
Elevation and section Materials Faade geometry Edge character Skyline 3D model

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Morphology_visual
Lal Dighi, kolkata

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Morphology_visual
Lal Dighi, kolkata

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Section & Elevation

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Morphology_visual Faade Geometry

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Morphology_visual Materials

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Morphology_visual Visual clutter

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Context
History & evolution

Morphology
Figure ground Landuse Building height Transport network Grade Ownership Architectural Style Elevation and section Materials Faade geometry Edge character Street character and Road sections Skyline 3D model

Functional Structure
Lynch diagrams Open space network Plaza and streets-use patterns Activity cycle Constraints and opportunities Enclosure quality Active frontage Security Identity

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Morphology_functional
Urban structure _Lynch diagrams

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Morphology_functional
Urban structure_Lynch diagrams

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Morphology_functional
Open space network Plaza and streets-use patterns Activity cycle Street character and Road sections Connectivity & parking Constraints and opportunities Enclosure quality Active frontage Security Identity

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Morphology_functional
Street character Road sections

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Morphology_functional
Street character Road sections

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Morphology_functional
Street character Road sections

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Morphology_functional
Connectivity Overall

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Morphology_functional
Connectivity Public transport

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Morphology_functional
Connectivity Cycling

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Morphology_functional
Connectivity Walking

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Morphology_functional
Parking

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Morphology_functional
Active frontage Edge character

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Morphology_functional
Active frontage Security

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Morphology_functional
Activity pattern

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Morphology_functional
Activity pattern

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Morphology_functional_specific study
Enclosure quality

Urban Documentation_ Cluster level

Morphology Functional specific study
Constraints Opportunity