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By Prof. M. P. Joshi
Tractor trailer
Overflow
Streamline the flow of materials through the plant. 2. Facilitate the manufacturing process. 3. Maintain high turnover of in-process inventory. 4. Minimise materials handling and cost. 5. Effective utilisation of men, equipment and space. 6. Make effective utilisation of cubic space. 7. Flexibility of manufacturing operations and arrangements. 8. Provide for employee convenience, safety and comfort. 9. Minimize investment in equipment. 10. Minimize overall production time. 11. Maintain flexibility of arrangement and operation. 12. Facilitate the organizational structure.
2. Principle of minimum distance: This principle is concerned with the minimum travel (or movement) of man and materials. The facilities should be arranged such that, the total distance travelled by the men and materials should be minimum and as far as possible straight line movement should be preferred.
3. Principle of cubic space utilisation: The good layout is one that utilise both horizontal and vertical space. It is not only enough if only the floor space is utilised optimally but the third dimension, i.e., the height is also to be utilised effectively. 4. Principle of flow: A good layout is one that makes the materials to move in forward direction towards the completion stage, i.e., there should not be any backtracking. 5. Principle of maximum flexibility: The good layout is one that can be altered without much cost and time, i.e., future requirements should be taken into account while designing the present layout.
7. Principle of minimum handling: A good layout is one that reduces the material handling to the minimum.
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Plates
Salads
Desserts
Rice
Vegetable Chapatis
Drinks
Hand Wash
2) Process/Functional Layout
Lathe Department Milling Department Drilling Department
L L L L L
L L L L L
G G
G G
Grinding Department Receiving and Shipping
G G
P P
Painting Department
A
Assembly
Process
w w w
w Functional grouping of activities w Intermittent, job shop, batch production, mainly fabrication Standardized, made w Varied, made to to stock order Stable w Fluctuating High w Low Special purpose w General purpose
Process
w Varied skills w High in-process, low finished goods w Large w Variable path (forklift) w Wide w Dynamic / Orders w Machine location w Achieving Flexibility
3) Fixed-Position Layouts
Typical of projects Equipment, workers, materials, other resources brought to the site Highly skilled labor Often low fixed costs Typically high variable costs
Cellular Layouts
Manufacturing cell: Layout in which machines are arranged in a cell that can process items that have similar processing requirements .
Operations Management, 3rd Canadian Edition, page 206
5 2 1 3 10
8
12 11
Raw materials
10
12
11
4 Cell 1 Cell 2 6 Cell 3 7 2 1 3 5
A B C Raw materials
Cell 1 1 2 3 5 4 1 2 3
Cell 3
Cell 2
Cell 4
Cellular Layout
Process (Functional) Layout
A cluster or cell T T M M T T M M T T D D CG SG D D CG SG D SG D CG CG SG D T T M T
M D
T
M
M D
Selection(3)
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