Computer Architecture The Von Neumann Architecture

Circuitry in a computer that controls the manipulation of data is called CPU.

CPU has a main circuit board called the motherboard. Central Processing Unit (CPU) or processor

Arithmetic/Logic unit Control unit Registers

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Arithmetic/Logic unit:

Performs operations on the data. Co-ordinates the machine activities. Used for temporary storage of memory. Genera-purpose:

Control unit:

Registers:

used for holding temporary places for data being manipulated by the CPU. These registers hold the inputs of arithmetic/logic unit and provide storage space for their results.

Special-purpose
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 Bus:

For the purpose of transferring bit patters, a machines CPU and main memory are connected by a collection of wires called bus. Through this bus, the CPU extracts(reads) data from main memory by supplying the address of the pertinent memory cell along with an electronic signal telling the memory circuitry to retrieve the data. Similarly CPU places(writes) data in the memory.
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 Stored-Program

Concept:

A program can be encoded as bit patterns and stored in main memory. From there, the CPU can then extract the instructions and execute them. In turn, the program to be executed can be altered easily. The idea of storing a computers program in its main memory is called stored-program concept.

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 We

have described all the components of Von Neumann architecture:

Arithmetic/Logic unit Control unit Registers Input/output

The

stored program concept, in which the instructions to be executed by the computer are represented as binary values and stored in memory. The sequential execution of instructions. one instruction at a time is fetched from memory to the control unit, where it is decoded and executed.
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 In

real-time computer animation require a computer capable of executing 270,000,000 100=25 billion instructions

This is beyond the abilities of current processors, which are limited to about 15billion instructions per second. The inability of the sequential one-instructionat-a-time Von Neumann model to handle todays large scale problems is called the Von Neumann bottleneck. Computer engineers are rethinking and studying nontraditional approaches to computer organization called non-Von Neumann architecture.
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