By: Biswajit Padhi ETC(B) 0901289193

WHAT IS Biometrics????
Biometrics is the development of statistical and mathematical methods applicable to data analysis problems in the biological sciences. The term "biometrics" is derived from the Greek words bio (life) and metric (to measure). For our use, biometrics refers to technologies for measuring and analyzing a person's physiological or behavioral characteristics, such as fingerprints, irises, voice patterns, facial patterns, and hand measurements, for identification and verification purposes

IN OTHER WORDS
Biometrics is the identification or verification of Human identity through the measurement of repeatable physiological and behavioral characteristics

Data collection

Raw data

Extracted features

Template Matching

Signal processing

Storage

Match score

Application
Authentication decision

Decision

OVERVIEW ON TYPES OF BIOMETRICS

FINGERPRINT ANALYSIS
Fingerprint Pattern Analysis Typical System: fingerprint scanner maps the series of whorls, ridges, furrows and minutiae on the surface of the finger Applications:
o o o o Law Enforcement Entry Devices for Buildings Computer Network Access New: grocery stores checkout, ATM authorization

SOME FINGERPRINT SCANNERS

FACIAL rECOGNTIION
Facial recognition software is based on the ability to recognize a face and then measure the various features of the face. Every face has numerous, distinguishable landmarks, the different peaks and valleys that make up facial features. The software defines these landmarks as nodal points. Each human face has approximately 80 nodal points. Some of these measured by the software are:

Distance between the eyes Width of the nose Depth of the eye sockets The shape of the cheekbones The length of the jaw line

FACIAL RECOGNITION PROCESS

FACE RECOGNITION SCANNER

LENOVO G450 WITH FACE RECOGNITON SCANNER

HAND GEOMETRY
Hand shape analysis and measurement Typical system: scanners with guidance pegs that position the hand property for analysis Applications:
o San Francisco International Airport o Immigration facilities o Day Care Centers

HAND GEOMETRY SCANNERS

RETINA SCANNING
Analysis of layer of blood vessels at the back of the eye Typical system: low-intensity light source and an optical coupler; the user needs to remove glasses, keep the eye focused on the light, 15 seconds Applications:
o High-end security: military, power plans

DNA RECOGNITION
A DNA sample is used to produce either a DNA fingerprint or a DNA profile Applications:
o o o o Medical applications Paternity Tests Criminal identification and forensics Personal Identification: DNA PAK38 (Personal Archival Kit): conserving a sample so the person can be identified in case of kidnapping, accidents or natural disasters. o Commercial applications limited

SPEAKER RECOGNITION
Voice print analysis Typical system: uses the pitch, pattern, tone, rhythm of speech for identification purposes; only biometric that allows users to authenticate remotely Applications:
o o o o Call Centers Law enforcement house arrest authentication Electronic commerce Customer authentication for service calls

VOICE RECOGNITION PROCESS

SIGNATURE RECOGNITION
Handwriting analysis Typical System: user will sign on a tablet, the device will record pressure, speed, sequence and shape of characters and compare to a database
o Cyber SIGN

Applications
o Access to documents o Execution of contracts o Banking services

SIGNATURE AUTHENTICATION DEVICES

ADVANTAGES
Reduces cost within organizations Increases security Competitive advantage Convenience to employees

What Biometrics are Replacing???

Traditional verification methods: Passwords
PIN numbers

Tokens
Photo ID cards Smart cards Magnetic strip cards Physical keys Key chains

Comparison Chart Accuracy/Reliability

Biometric
Fingerprint Facial Recognition Hand Geometry Iris Scan Retinal Scan

Accuracy Reliability
Very High High High Very High Very High High Medium Medium High High

Errors
Dirt, dryness Hair, glasses, age Hand injury Poor lighting Glasses

DNA
Speaker Recognition Signature Recognition

Very High
Medium Medium

High
Low Low

none
Noise, colds Changing signatures

misuses
Biometric data poses a moral question as to whether a firm should have finger impressions, palm geometry and DNA analysis of its employees. This data could be dangerous for the employee if leaked out, as it could be used in many criminal activities and fraud.

Biometrics in INDIA
India which is perpetually under the threat of terrorism and security breach, is gearing up to adopt vaIt is used in: Defense and Security Industry Police Administration Finance Ministry (PANs) Home Affairs (IDs) Libraries rious biometric methods.

CONCLUSION
Technology is growing rapidly, but at the same time
security breaches and transaction frauds are also in the increase world over. All agencies including Libraries who are in need of security, surveillance and safety have to adopt biometrics.

THE FUTURE DEPENDS ON WHAT WE DO IN THE PRESENT -MAHATMA GANDHIJI-

ANY QUERIES????