Entity Relationship Diagrams

Don Archer

Entity Relationship Diagram

ERDs

depicts data in terms of the entities and relationships described by the data.

Entity Definition
Entity

- is a person, place, thing, or event of importance to the organization. Anything that can be a noun can be an entity. Entity Occurrence - One individual instance of a type of entity - the set of data describing an instance of an entity.

Identifying Entities
Identify the nouns in the conversation:
Students may enroll in 12 courses. Classes are scheduled during 6 sessions throughout the year and are identified by sections. Each class may contain 18 students. Students may have several registrations for these classes that are held at 6 locations. Qualified faculty are assigned to various sections of of the classes. Not all faculty are qualified to teach all courses.

Identifying Entities
Identify the nouns in the conversation:
STUDENTs may enroll in 12 COURSEs. CLASSes are scheduled during 6 SESSIONs throughout the YEAR and are identified by SECTIONs. Each CLASS may contain 18 STUDENTs. STUDENTs may have several REGISTRATIONs for these CLASSes that are held at 6 LOCATIONs. QUALIFIED FACULTY are assigned to various SECTIONs of of the CLASSes. Not all FACULTY are qualified to teach all COURSEs.

STUDENT studentid student name address city state postal code f acutly id (FK)

STUDENT studentid student name address city state postal code f acutly id (FK)

COURSE course no course desc credit hours

Identifying Relationships
Identify the verbs in the conversation:
STUDENTs may enroll in 12 COURSEs. Classes are scheduled during 6 SESSIONs throughout the YEAR and are identified by SECTIONs. Each class may contain 18 students. Students may have several REGISTRATIONs for these classes that are held at 6 LOCATIONs. QUALIFIED FACULTY are assigned to various sections of of the classes. Not all FACULTY are qualified to teach all courses.

Identifying Relationships
Identify the verbs in the conversation:
Students may ENROLL in 12 courses. Classes are SCHEDULED during 6 sessions throughout the year and are IDENTIFIED by sections. Each class may CONTAIN 18 students. Students may HAVE several registrations for these classes that are HELD at 6 locations. Qualified faculty are ASSIGNED to various sections of of the classes. Not all faculty are QUALIFIED to teach all courses.

Identifying Entities & Relations

STUDENT studentid student name address city state postal code f acutly id (FK)

COURSE
enrolls

course no course desc credit hours

Identifying Entities

STUDENT studentid student name address city state postal code f acutly id (FK)

Many-to-many
COURSE
enrolls

course no course desc credit hours

Identifying Entities
SCHEDULED CLASS

Enrolls in

course no studentid grade

Consists of

STUDENT studentid student name address city state postal code f acutly id (FK)

COURSE
enrolls

course no course desc credit hours

Is This Correct???
SCHEDULED CLASS year session section no course no facultyid location code

consist of/makes up COURSE course no course desc credit hours

registers for/registers

STUDENT studentid student name address city state postal code facutlyid (FK) (IE)

NO!
This is a many-to-many relationship
SCHEDULED CLASS year session section no course no facultyid location code

consist of/makes up COURSE course no course desc credit hours

registers for/registers

STUDENT studentid student name address city state postal code facutlyid (FK) (IE)

How do you fix a M:M relation?

SCHEDULED CLASS year session section no course no facultyid location code

consist of/makes up COURSE course no course desc credit hours

registers for/registers

STUDENT studentid student name address city state postal code facutlyid (FK) (IE)

Associative Entity
SCHEDULED CLASS year session section no course no has/is forfacultyid location code

CLASS REGISTRATION year session section no course no studentid/1 studentid (FK) (IE)

consist of/makes up COURSE course no course desc credit hours

registers for/registers

STUDENT studentid student name address city state postal code facutlyid (FK) (IE)

YEAR have/is for year

Refinements
SCHEDULED CLASS year session section no course no has/is forfacultyid location code

CLASS REGISTRATION year session section no course no studentid/1 studentid (FK) (IE)

consist of/makes up COURSE course no course desc credit hours

registers for/registers

STUDENT studentid student name address city state postal code facutlyid (FK) (IE)

YEAR have/is for year

SESSION

Refinements
SCHEDULED CLASS year session section no course no has/is forfacultyid location code

have/is for

session

CLASS REGISTRATION year session section no course no studentid/1 studentid (FK) (IE)

consist of/makes up COURSE course no course desc credit hours

registers for/registers

STUDENT studentid student name address city state postal code facutlyid (FK) (IE)

YEAR have/is for year

SESSION

Refinements
SCHEDULED CLASS year session section no course no has/is forfacultyid location code

have/is for

session

SECTION have/is for section no

CLASS REGISTRATION year session section no course no studentid/1 studentid (FK) (IE)

consist of/makes up COURSE course no course desc credit hours

registers for/registers

STUDENT studentid student name address city state postal code facutlyid (FK) (IE)

YEAR

Location
LOCATION location code loc description held at/hosts

have/is for

year

SESSION have/is for session

SECTION have/is for section no

SCHEDULED CLASS year session section no course no has/is forfacultyid location code

CLASS REGISTRATION year session section no course no studentid/1 studentid (FK) (IE)

consist of/makes up COURSE course no course desc credit hours

registers for/registers

is assigned to/has assigned

STUDENT studentid student name address city state postal code facutlyid (FK) (IE)

FACULTY facutlyid faculty name address city state zip emphasis facutlyid/1 (FK) (IE)

& Faculty

YEAR have/is for year

LOCATION location code loc description have/is for

SESSION session

SECTION have/is for held at/hosts section no

SCHEDULED CLASS year session section no course no has/is forfacultyid location code

CLASS REGISTRATION year session section no course no studentid/1 studentid (FK) (IE)

consist of/makes up COURSE course no course desc credit hours

registers for/registers

STUDENT studentid student name address city state postal code facutlyid (FK) (IE) qualified for/qualified by

FACULTY facutlyid faculty name address city state zip emphasis facutlyid/1 (FK) (IE)

QUALIFIED FACULTY becomes/consitst of course no facutlyid (FK)

YEAR have/is for year

LOCATION location code loc description have/is for

SESSION session

SECTION have/is for held at/hosts section no

SCHEDULED CLASS year session section no course no has/is forfacultyid location code

CLASS REGISTRATION year session section no course no studentid/1 studentid (FK) (IE)

consist of/makes up COURSE course no course desc credit hours

registers for/registers is assigned to/has assigned STUDENT studentid student name address city state postal code facutlyid (FK) (IE) qualified for/qualified by

FACULTY facutlyid faculty name address city state zip emphasis facutlyid/1 (FK) (IE)

QUALIFIED FACULTY becomes/consitst of course no facutlyid (FK)

YEAR have/is for year

LOCATION location code loc description have/is for

SESSION session

SECTION have/is for held at/hosts section no

SCHEDULED CLASS year session section no course no has/is forfacultyid location code

CLASS REGISTRATION year session section no course no studentid/1 studentid (FK) (IE)

consist of/makes up COURSE course no course desc credit hours

registers for/registers is assigned to/has assigned STUDENT studentid student name address city state postal code facutlyid (FK) (IE) qualified for/qualified by

FACULTY

facutlyid faculty name address city state zip advised by/advises emphasis facutlyid/1 (FK) (IE)

QUALIFIED FACULTY becomes/consitst of course no facutlyid (FK)

YEAR have/is for year

LOCATION location code loc description have/is for

SESSION session

SECTION have/is for held at/hosts section no

SCHEDULED CLASS year session section no course no has/is forfacultyid location code

CLASS REGISTRATION year session section no course no studentid/1 studentid (FK) (IE)

consist of/makes up COURSE course no course desc credit hours

registers for/registers is assigned to/has assigned STUDENT studentid student name address city state postal code facutlyid (FK) (IE) qualified for/qualified by

FACULTY

facutlyid faculty name address city state zip advised by/advises emphasis facutlyid/1 (FK) (IE)

QUALIFIED FACULTY becomes/consitst of course no facutlyid (FK)

mentors/is mentored by

Recursive

Business rules

Each STUDENT may HAVE one or more CLASS REGISTRATIONS. Each CLASS REGISTRATION must be ASSIGNED to one & only one STUDENT.

Each CLASS may HAVE one or more CLASS REGISTRATIONs. Each CLASS REGISTRATION must BE FOR one & only one CLASS.

Each COURSE may BE ASSIGNED to one or more SCHEDULED CLASSes. Each SCHEDULED CLASS must CONSIST on one & only one COURSE.

Business rules

Each LOCATION may be ASSIGNED one or more SCHEDULED CLASSes. Each SCHEDULED CLASS must BE ASSIGNED to one & only one LOCATION.

Each YEAR may be ASSIGNED one or more SCHEDULED CLASSes. Each SCHEDULED CLASS must BE ASSIGNED to one & only one YEAR.

Each SECTION may be ASSIGNED one or more SCHEDULED CLASSes. Each SCHEDULED CLASS must BE ASSIGNED to one & only one SECTION.

Business rules

Each FACULTY may ADVISE one or more STUDENTs. Each STUDENT must be ADVISED BY one & only one ADVISOR.

Each QUALIFIED FACULTY must be ASSIGNED to one & only one COURSE. Each COURSE may be QUALIFIED by one or more QUALIFIED FACULTY.

Each QUALIFIED FACULTY must CONSIST of one & only one FACULTY. Each FACULTY may be QUALIFIED for one or more QUALIFIED FACULTY positions.

Visio
YEAR have/is for year LOCATION location code loc description have/is for SESSION session SECTION have/is for held at/hosts section no

SCHEDULED CLASS year session section no course no has/is forfacultyid location code

CLASS REGISTRATION year session section no course no studentid/1 studentid (FK) (IE)

consist of/makes up COURSE course no course desc credit hours

registers for/registers is assigned to/has assigned STUDENT studentid student name address city state postal code facutlyid (FK) (IE) qualified for/qualified by

FACULTY

facutlyid faculty name address city state zip advised by/advises emphasis facutlyid/1 (FK) (IE)

QUALIFIED FACULTY becomes/consitst of course no facutlyid (FK)

mentors/is mentored by

Other Questions?