FUNCTION OF EYE & VISUAL ACUITY

How clearly a person is able to see any object ?

Can we measure it ? ---- yes ---Dr Sushil Kar

Things to learn today

What is visual acuity? How can we measure and record it ? Will it be same if two different persons do the test and record it ? Can we compare the findings at one time of examination and that done at a later date ? Can it be done if we see a patient in the field or village from where patients are brought ? Is it necessary for all patients ?

Dr Sushil Kar

Inside of the eyeball

Dr Sushil Kar

If Eye is cut open to see inside it

Dr Sushil Kar

Labeled diagram of eye & parts

Dr Sushil Kar

Light rays come to a focus on the RETINA macula

Dr Sushil Kar

How camera focuses an object on its film

Dr Sushil Kar

The same thing happens in eye by the lens

Dr Sushil Kar

CAMERA & EYE (formation of image by lenses)

Dr Sushil Kar

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The focusing of light rays on the retina produces a clear image.

Dr Sushil Kar

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Why this chart in the chamber of an eye specialist ?

Dr Sushil Kar

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What is VISUAL ACUITY ?

It is a measure of the clarity with which a person sees any object in his field of vision. Measured by Snellens chart.

Dr Sushil Kar

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How to measure V A

Patient sitting with face towards the chart Proper distance Adequate illumination Cover one eye and ask the person to read The smallest letter that can be read is noted Follow the same procedure for other eye Record it as a fraction
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Dr Sushil Kar

Testing of

visual acuity

Dr Sushil Kar

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Suppose one is not able to read

Illiterate persons Children

Pictures C rings E charts

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An eye care person tests for VA

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Pictures are also used in children and illiterates

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If one is not able to see the largest letters in the chart

Show him fingers for counting.

But at what distance ?

Gradually come closer till he is able to see up to a distance of one meter. If still not able to count examine HAND MOVEMENT If still not seeing project light to his eyes and see and record as PL+/- or PR- X
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Dr Sushil Kar

Checking vision in field set up

Dr Sushil Kar

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How do we detect blind in field

By conducting survey in some area. But when do you tell that one is blind ? Definition of Blindness: If one is not able to count fingers at a distance of

meters or

10 feet .

The results are recorded in Blind Register in a systematic manner for subsequent use
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Dr Sushil Kar

What is Blind Register ?

How to maintain that record? Why necessary ? What are the different information entered in that register ?

Dr Sushil Kar

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Why one does not see clearly ?

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