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Wireless Power Transmission

10/1/12

Wireless Power Transmission

Overview

What is wireless power transmission(WPT)? is WPT? of WPT of WPT and disadvantages

Why

History Types

Techniques to transfer energy wirelessly

Advantages Applications Conclusion

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Wireless Power Transmission

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What is WPT?

The transmission of energy from one place to another without using wires energy transfer is using wires

Conventional But,

the wireless transmission is made possible by using various technologies

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Why not wires?

As

per studies, most electrical energy transfer is through wires. of the energy loss is during transmission

Most

On an average, more than 30% In India, it exceeds 40%

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Wireless Power Transmission

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Why WPT?
Reliable Efficient Fast Low Can

maintenance cost

be used for shortrange or long-range.

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History

Nikola Tesla in late 1890s of induction techniques vision for World Wireless System 187 feet tall tower to broadcast energy people can have access to free energy
10/1/12 Wireless Power to shortage of funds, tower did Transmission 6 6

Pioneer His

The All

Due

History (contd)
Tesla He

was able to transfer energy from one coil to another coil managed to light 200 lamps from a distance of 40km idea of Tesla is taken in to research after 100 years by a team led by Marin Soljai from MIT. The project is named as WiTricity.
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The

Energy Coupling
The

transfer of energy

Magnetic coupling Inductive coupling

Simplest

Wireless Energy coupling is a transformer

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Wireless Power Transmission

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Types and Technologies of WPT

Near-field
q

techniques

Inductive Coupling Resonant Inductive Coupling Air Ionization

Far-field
q

techniques

Microwave Power Transmission (MPT) LASER power transmission

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Inductive coupling
Primary Energy

and secondary coils are not connected with wires. transfer is due to Mutual Induction

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Wireless Power Transmission

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Inductive coupling (contd)

Transformer Energy

is also an example

transfer devices are usually air-cored Charging Pad(WCP),electric brushes are some examples a WCP, the devices are to be kept, battery will be automatically charged.
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Wireless

On

Inductive coupling(contd)
Electric The

brush also charges using inductive coupling charging pad (primary coil) and the device(secondary coil) have to be kept very near to each other is preferred because it is comfortable. use of wires proof
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It

Less

Shock

Resonance Inductive Coupling(RIC)

Combination Resonance

of inductive coupling and resonance makes two objects interact very strongly induces current

Inductance

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Wireless Power Transmission

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How resonance in RIC?

Coil

provides the inductance is connected parallel to

Capacitor

the coil
Energy

will be shifting back and forth between magnetic field surrounding the coil and electric field around the capacitor loss will be negligible
Wireless Power Transmission 14 14

Radiation

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Block diagram of RIC

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An example

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Wireless Power Transmission

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WiTricity
Based Led

on RIC

by MITs Marin Soljai

Energy Coils No

transfer wirelessly for a distance just more than 2m. were in helical shape achieved was around
Wireless Power Transmission 17 17

capacitor was used

Efficiency

40%
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WiTricity (contd)

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WiTricity Some statistics

Used At

frequencies are 1MHz and 10MHz 1Mhz, field strengths were safe for human 10MHz, Field strengths were more than ICNIRP standards
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At

WiTricity now
No

more helical coils

Companies

like Intel are also working on devices that make use of RIC for decreasing the field strength to increase the range
Wireless Power Transmission 20 20

Researches Researches

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RIC vs. inductive coupling

RIC RIC RIC RIC

is highly efficient

has much greater range than inductive coupling is directional when compared to inductive coupling can be one-to-many. But usually inductive coupling is oneto-one using RIC technique are 10/1/12 Wireless Power Transmission highly portable
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Devices

Air Ionization
Toughest

technique under near-field energy transfer techniques ionizes only when there is a high field field is 2.11MV/m
10/1/12 example: Wireless Power Transmission 22 22

Air

Needed Natural

Advantages of near-field techniques

No No

wires e-waste

Need

for battery is eliminated energy transfer using RIC if 10/1/12 field strengths
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Efficient

Harmless,

Disadvantages
Distance Field

constraint

strengths have to be under safety levels cost is high RIC, tuning is difficult

Initial In

High Air

frequency signals must be the supply ionization technique is not Wireless Power feasible 10/1/12
Transmission 24 24

Far-field energy transfer

Radiative Needs LASER Aims

line-of-sight or microwave

at high power transfer tower was built for

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Teslas

this

Microwave Power Transfer(MPT)

Transfers

high power from one place to another. Two places being in line of sight usually

Steps:

Electrical energy to microwave energy Capturing microwaves using rectenna Microwave energy to electrical energy 10/1/12 Wireless Power
Transmission 26 26

MP T (contd)
AC AC DC

can not be directly converted to microwave energy is converted to DC first is converted to microwaves using magnetron waves are received at rectenna which rectifies, gives DC as the output is converted back to Power AC 10/1/12 Wireless
Transmission 27 27

Transmitted

DC

LASER transmission
LASER Not But,

is highly directional, coherent dispersed for very long gets attenuated when it propagates through atmosphere receiver

Simple

Photovoltaic cell
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Cost-efficient

Solar Power Satellites (SPS)

To provide energy to earths increasing energy need efficiently make use of renewable energy i.e., solar energy are placed in geostationary orbits
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To

SPS

SPS (contd)
Solar Each

energy is captured using photocells SPS may have 400 million photocells to earth in the form of microwaves/LASER rectenna/photovoltaic cell, the energy is converted to electrical energy
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Transmitted Using

Efficiency

exceeds 95% if

Wireless Power Transmission

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Rectenna
Stands

for rectifying antenna of mesh of dipoles and

Consists

diodes
Converts Usually

microwave to its DC equivalent multi-element phased array

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Rectenna in US
Rectenna It

in US receives 5000MW of power from SPS is about one and a half mile long

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Other projects
Alaska21

Grand Hawaii

Bassin
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LASER vs. MPT

When

LASER is used, the antenna sizes can be much smaller can face interference (two frequencies can be used for WPT are 2.45GHz and 5.4GHz) has high attenuation loss and also it gets diffracted by atmospheric particles easily
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Microwaves

LASER

Advantages of far-field energy transfer

Efficient Easy Need Low

for grids, substations etc are eliminated maintenance cost effective when the transmitting and receiving points are along a line-of-sight
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More

Can

Disadvantages of far-field energy trasnfer

Radiative Needs Initial When

line-of-sight LASERs are used,

cost is high

conversion is inefficient Absorption loss is high

When

microwaves are used,

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interference may arise

Applications
Near-field

energy transfer

Electric automobile charging

Static and moving

Consumer electronics Industrial purposes

Harsh

environment

Far-field

energy transfer

Solar Power Satellites Energy to remote areas

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Conclusion
Transmission Efficient Low

without wires- a reality

cost

maintenance cost. But, high initial

Better

than conventional wired transfer crisis can be decreased loss

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Energy Low In

near future, world will be 10/1/12 completely wireless Wireless Power

Transmission

THANK YOU!

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Wireless Power Transmission

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