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Ibn-e-Khaldun
Man is Gregarious by Nature Mankind can not survive without living together 1. By nature, man can not live without food
Man can not fulfill his food necessities all by himself
Protection Man can not protect himself without the help of others.
By nature, man is physically weaker than majority of other animals
All other animals have been given an organ for protection or defence
Man has been given mind and hands Man invented weapons for his protection Individually, man can not protect himself even from a single animalespecially predators
Concluding, without cooperation with each other, man cannot survive. Man can not fulfill his food necessities. Man can not fulfill his needs for protection.
State was established to protect man from mans aggression and injustice.
State is a means to an end, the end being a better life for the individual.
Idealist View
Hegel, Rousseau etc The state is an end in itself. The state is the Divine Idea as it exist on earth. And individual achieves self-realization only as its members. The state being an end in itself provided with the maximum of rights against the individual citizens whose highest duty is to be members of the state.
The individual is considered as a means and not as the ultimate end of the society. The individual being inferior to society must subordinate his own ends to those of the society.
Despite these differences there has been a general recognition that the state exists, or should exists, to promote the welfare of its citizens.
Welfare State
welfare state is a buzz word today. Every country call herself a welfare state but the level of welfare services vary from society to society. The term refers to those societies where the government has the responsibility for the wellbeing of the citizens and that this cannot be entrusted to the individual, private corporations, or local community. A welfare state typically protects people against poverty by means of
Welfare state is a concept of government where the state plays a key role in the protection and promotion of the economic and social well-being of its citizens. It is based on the principles of equality of opportunity, equitable distribution of wealth, and public responsibility for those unable to avail themselves of the minimal provisions for a good life. The general term may cover a variety of forms of economic and social organization.
Unemployment benefits Family allowances Income supplements for the poorly paid and Old age pension the state provide comprehensive medical care, free education, public housing. These programmes are financed by state insurance schemes and taxation.
Welfare state also refers to organizing, financing, and provision of welfare benefits and services by government. The term welfare state is used to describe the combination of benefits and services intended to increase the wellbeing of citizens and provided either directly or indirectly.