*

A Seminar presented by:

VARAD BICHU VARUN SHREEDHAR CHITNIS VINAYAKA B S VISHNURAJ MANKUDE

Under the able guidance of:

PROF. V. V. Kulkarni

* INTRODUCTION * BASICS OF TURBOCHARGERS * KEY COMPONENTS * WORKING * SUBARU TURBOCHARGER * TURBO LAG * DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TURBO AND SUPERCHARGERS * COMMON APPLICATIONS

* TURBOMACHINE : A device in which energy transfer

takes place between a flowing fluid and a rotating element due to the dynamic action, and results in change of pressure and momentum of the fluid.

* TURBOCHARGER is a form of Turbo machine. It

is a forced induction device used to allow more power to be produced for an engine of a given size.

* The main objective of a turbocharger is to improve

upon the size-to-output efficiency of an engine.

*A Turbocharger is an air pump that is driven by

exhaust gas. It pressurizes the intake to allow more air and fuel to go into the cylinder. More air and fuel means more horsepower. * The two sides of the Turbocharger are : 1. Turbine side : Spun by the exhaust gases as they leave the engine. 2. Compressor side : driven by the turbine side and compresses the intake air .

* The size of the turbine ,compressor wheels, and the size

and shape of their housings, affects the efficient range of the turbo. * Larger Compressor will produce cooler compressed air, hence generating more turbo boost but will consume a fair amount of time. * A larger, more efficient turbo can produce more boost, but will spin up more slowly and will not work as well at low rpms. * A smaller turbo will have fast spool-up but weak high-rpm horsepower.

* TURBINE ( usually Radial type )

: Kinetic energy of

the exhaust gas is captured using the turbine.

* COMPRESSOR: The compressor increases the mass

of intake air entering the combustion chamber.

* CENTER HOUSING / ROTATING ASSEMBLY :

The centre hub rotating assembly houses the shaft that connects the compressor impeller and turbine.

* Peak Compressor Pressure ratio 3.5 * BMEP goes upto 22 Bar * Limits the Cylinder Peak Pressure and NO
emissions.

*INTERCOOLING *WATER INJECTION *WASTEGATE *ANTI SURGE VALVES

* A turbocharger consists of a turbine and a

compressor on a shared shaft. * The turbine section of a turbocharger is a heat engine in itself. * It converts the heat energy from the exhaust to power, which then drives the compressor, compressing ambient air and delivering it to the air intake. * This results in greater amount of air entering the engine.

*Think Turbo charged, and images of exotic,

high-performance race cars may spring to mind. While a turbocharger can deliver impressive, high-end engine performance and acceleration , it also can improve the everyday, around-town performance of almost any vehicle while still providing efficient, economical operation.

* A turbocharger unit contains two fans. The fans are encased

in separate chambers, but are mounted on opposite ends of a common shaft.

* The engine exhaust flows through one of the chambers past

the turbine, causing it to turn and rotate the shaft. The compressor on the opposite side of the shaft is in a chamber mounted in the engines intake system.

* When the compressor turns, it compresses the air entering

the engines air intake manifold. This boost of intake air works to improve the engines performance.

* An intercooler system is often used when a turbocharger is

installed on an engine.

* As the incoming air is compressed by the turbocharger, its

temperature increases, making it less dense and less effective for combustion.

* The intercooler

is essentially a small radiator which removes the heat from the air, increasing its density and improving its effectiveness before combustion.

* The amount of turbocharger boost thats

delivered to the engine is regulated by the systems wastegate. When the desired level of turbo boost is reached, the wastegate bypasses excess exhaust gases around the turbine wheel. The wastegates operation is controlled electronically by the vehicles engine control module

*
*When the turbochargers were initially launched , drivers often
complained of a lack of turbocharger response at low speeds a condition referred to as turbo lag.

* At low speeds, an engine produces very little exhaust gas, and

consequently the turbocharger has very little to power it.

* When drivers stepped on the accelerator, it would take a few

seconds for the increasing exhaust gasses to spool up the turbocharger to the point where it would produce a noticeable amount of power.

*Current turbocharging systems are carefully

tailored to provide smooth power delivery and lower exhaust emissions at all engine operating speeds and driving conditions. Its an effective, efficient way to improve your vehicles performance.

*Both turbochargers and superchargers compress

air entering an engines intake manifold to help increase power.

*While a turbocharger is powered by the energy

in the engines exhaust stream, a supercharger is directly connected to the engines crankshaft via a belt, chain, or gears.

*With this direct connection to the engine, a

supercharger requires the engine to work a little harder, and consequently, use more fuel.

*The increased engine output the supercharger

provides makes up for the extra power it requires, but essentially superchargers are less efficient than turbochargers.

* Dr. M.S. Govinde Gowda and Dr. A.M. Nagaraja

A Text of Turbo Machines MM Publishers , Davangere Web pages Subaru archives Wikipedia How things work

*Petrol powered cars *Diesel powered cars *Motorcycles *Trucks *Airplanes *Marine and land based heavy locomotives.