Sie sind auf Seite 1von 23

Differentiate between synchronous motor and asynchronous motor in terms of operation/theory, characteristics and performance.

INTRODUCTION
AC rotating machine speed under steady state

condition is proportional to the frequency of the current in its armature.


The magnetic field created by the armature

currents rotates at the same speed as that created by the field current on the rotor, which is rotating at the synchronous speed, and a steady torque results.
Rotating speed independent of load.
3

INTRODUCTION
Field windings are on the rotor.

The armature windings are on the stator.


Constant speed machines Run at a constant speed in synchronism with the

alternating current supply to which they are connected.

SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR
Rotor spinning with coils passing magnets at the

same rate as the alternating current and resulting rotating magnetic field which drives it.
A synchronous machine that converts the

mechanical power to electric power. Mechanical Electric


It has the same physical as the synchronous

generator.
5

CONSTRUCTION
The stator of a synchronous motor includes the

frame and core.


Exterior frame supports the laminated stator core. A major component of the stator core is the core

and stator windings.


Stator core: laminated and insulated by surface

coating to reduce eddy current and hysteresis losses.


6

CONSTRUCTION
Stator winding:

Insulated coils designed to produce rotating stator

electromagnetic poles in synchronism with the rotor magnetic poles.


Generates rotating electromagnetic poles and the

attraction of the rotor magnets, operating in synchronism, produces torque and delivery of mechanical power to the drive shaft.

CONSTRUCTION
Rotor:

Capable of rotating at synchronous speed

continuously. Central element is the shaft Bearings are used to support the rotor assembly.
Rotor poles can be of either salient or non-

salient construction.

CONSTRUCTION
Rotor:

Salient pole:
A magnetic pole that sticks out radially from the

shaft of the motor. Normally used for rotors with four or more poles. Utilized in low speed synchronous machine.

CONSTRUCTION
Rotor:

Non-salient pole:
A magnetic pole with windings embedded flush

with the surface of the rotor. Normally used for two- and four-pole rotor. Utilized in high speed synchronous machine.

10

CONSTRUCTION
DC current must be supplied to the field circuit on

the rotor:
i.

by supplying from an external dc source to the rotor by the means of slip rings and brushes from a special dc power source mounted directly on the shaft of the synchronous motor.

ii.

11

OPERATION
The larger the angle between the two magnetic

fields (up to a certain maximum), the greater the torque on the rotor of the machine.
The synchronous motor operates at a precise

synchronous speed, and hence it is a constantspeed motor. Rotors speed equals to the statorpole speed:

12

OPERATION
The stator winding (armature winding), when excited by a 3-phase supply, creates a rotating magnetic field inside the motor. The rotor winding (field winding), when supplied with dc power supplies, the steady-state magnetic field is produced.

The rotor locks into step with the rotating magnetic field and rotates at synchronous speed.

The rotor field will tend to line up with the stator field.

13

OPERATION

14

OPERATION

15

CHARACTERISTICS (EQUIVALENT
CIRCUIT)
DC power source

16

supplying the rotor field circuit modeled by field coils inductance and resistance in series. control the flow of field current. Each phase has an internal generated voltage with a series inductance (the sum of the armature reactance and the coils self-inductance) The full equivalent circuit of the three-phase synchronous motor and a series

CHARACTERISTICS (EQUIVALENT
CIRCUIT)
The currents and voltages for three phases are

120 apart in angle, but the magnitudes are same. These three phases can be connected either in star- or delta-connection.

17

CHARACTERISTICS (EQUIVALENT
CIRCUIT)
3-phases have same V

Kirchoffs Voltage Law:

and I only when loads attached are balanced. Per-phase equivalent circuit used when all respects are identical, except phase angles.

The per-phase equivalent circuit of a synchronous motor


18

CHARACTERISTICS (PHASOR
DIAGRAM)
Quantity

points from to in the motor. The other way round in generator. Because direction of is reversed as defined in motors equivalent circuit. In a motor, the induced torque is in the direction of motion.
19

PERFORMANCES (POWER LOSSES)

20

PERFORMANCES (POWER LOSSES)


Copper losses: resistive heating losses that

occur in the stator and rotor windings of the machine.


Core losses: hysteresis losses and eddy current

losses occurring in the metal of the motor.


Stray losses: referring to escaped inclusions of

losses

21

PERFORMANCES (POWER LOSSES)


Mechanical losses: losses associated with

mechanical effects.
Friction losses: caused by the friction of

bearings in the machine Windage losses: caused by the friction between the moving parts of the machine and the air inside the motors casing.

22

PERFORMANCES (POWER LOSSES)


The remaining power is ideally converted from

mechanical to electrical form:

To obtain the power at the machines terminal, the

electrical or copper losses must be subtracted.

23

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen