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INTRODUCTION
AC rotating machine speed under steady state
currents rotates at the same speed as that created by the field current on the rotor, which is rotating at the synchronous speed, and a steady torque results.
Rotating speed independent of load.
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INTRODUCTION
Field windings are on the rotor.
SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR
Rotor spinning with coils passing magnets at the
same rate as the alternating current and resulting rotating magnetic field which drives it.
A synchronous machine that converts the
generator.
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CONSTRUCTION
The stator of a synchronous motor includes the
CONSTRUCTION
Stator winding:
attraction of the rotor magnets, operating in synchronism, produces torque and delivery of mechanical power to the drive shaft.
CONSTRUCTION
Rotor:
continuously. Central element is the shaft Bearings are used to support the rotor assembly.
Rotor poles can be of either salient or non-
salient construction.
CONSTRUCTION
Rotor:
Salient pole:
A magnetic pole that sticks out radially from the
shaft of the motor. Normally used for rotors with four or more poles. Utilized in low speed synchronous machine.
CONSTRUCTION
Rotor:
Non-salient pole:
A magnetic pole with windings embedded flush
with the surface of the rotor. Normally used for two- and four-pole rotor. Utilized in high speed synchronous machine.
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CONSTRUCTION
DC current must be supplied to the field circuit on
the rotor:
i.
by supplying from an external dc source to the rotor by the means of slip rings and brushes from a special dc power source mounted directly on the shaft of the synchronous motor.
ii.
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OPERATION
The larger the angle between the two magnetic
fields (up to a certain maximum), the greater the torque on the rotor of the machine.
The synchronous motor operates at a precise
synchronous speed, and hence it is a constantspeed motor. Rotors speed equals to the statorpole speed:
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OPERATION
The stator winding (armature winding), when excited by a 3-phase supply, creates a rotating magnetic field inside the motor. The rotor winding (field winding), when supplied with dc power supplies, the steady-state magnetic field is produced.
The rotor locks into step with the rotating magnetic field and rotates at synchronous speed.
The rotor field will tend to line up with the stator field.
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OPERATION
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OPERATION
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CHARACTERISTICS (EQUIVALENT
CIRCUIT)
DC power source
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supplying the rotor field circuit modeled by field coils inductance and resistance in series. control the flow of field current. Each phase has an internal generated voltage with a series inductance (the sum of the armature reactance and the coils self-inductance) The full equivalent circuit of the three-phase synchronous motor and a series
CHARACTERISTICS (EQUIVALENT
CIRCUIT)
The currents and voltages for three phases are
120 apart in angle, but the magnitudes are same. These three phases can be connected either in star- or delta-connection.
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CHARACTERISTICS (EQUIVALENT
CIRCUIT)
3-phases have same V
and I only when loads attached are balanced. Per-phase equivalent circuit used when all respects are identical, except phase angles.
CHARACTERISTICS (PHASOR
DIAGRAM)
Quantity
points from to in the motor. The other way round in generator. Because direction of is reversed as defined in motors equivalent circuit. In a motor, the induced torque is in the direction of motion.
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losses
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mechanical effects.
Friction losses: caused by the friction of
bearings in the machine Windage losses: caused by the friction between the moving parts of the machine and the air inside the motors casing.
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