COLONIALISM (CM)

INTRODUCTION
Defination policy or step or action in the form of domination, oppression and coercion by a superior race over people or small countries that are weak and backward. Colonialism work together with imperialism policy.

 Imperialism(IM) refer to policy and dvlpmnt of power by powerful countries over the small, poor and weaker countries. Colonialism is the effect of imperialism policy which was implemented by colonialist over the colonial territories.

Main factor that led to CM & IM is mechantalism (MM) increase the quantity of money and precious mineral in a country. a) Wealth is aquired by controlling foreign territories and conduct trade in favour of colonialist. b) Power acquired by expanding the arm forces, develop shipping industries and create Shipping Act which denies the right of other foreigners to trade in colonist territorist.
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c) Welfare to the people in colonial country by approving acts that increases the productivity of the country. - Monopoly of economic revenue from colonialist country

 Other factors 3G ( God, Gold & Glory) 1824 British-Dutch Agreemt/ London Agrmt British can trade in India, Sri Lanka and Indonesia will not use military force in that area fight pirate activities British has right to trade in Maluku Island Dutch gave India & Malacca to British British gave Sumatera to Dutch. Exclusive Lords of the East
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Strategy of British
British Dutch Agmnt avoid other European countries from coming to South East Asia Cooperation with Thailand (Siam) British recognise the rights of Siam towards Klantan, Trngganu & Kedah British- Siam Agmt 1897 Siam refused French request to conquer Chao Phraya and German request to conquer Langkawi. Declaration British Siam 1902 & Bangkok Agmt 1909.

 No resistance from Raja-raja Melayu- treatise with Perak, seelangor, Phng, N9 & Johor- involved with Malay politics (eg. Perak-support Raja Abdullah to defeat Raja Ismail Pangkor Agmt 1874 appintmt of Residence as advisor to Raja & all admins. aspects except custom & religion)

Impact of CM
Tin mining, rubber plantation, black pepper, coffee, sugar cane were the main focus of Britain high demand from US & Europe abundance and cheap labours import labours from China, India and Indonesia classified: Chinese-tin mining; Indiarubber estate; malay-kampung(paddy field).
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 1890 - Migration of chinese labour (Kwantung and Fukien province); 1900-100,000 Chinese in FMS British liberal policy & drought, famine and flood (factors for migration) Indian Arcot, Salem, Coibutore, Madurai, Ramnadpuram, Trichinopoly, Chinglepete, Tanjore & Tinnevelly. Sistem Kangany and Identure.
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 Migrants were oppressed by British malaria, infant mortality rate, prostitution, opium addiction, secret societies. Groupings system (mix but not combine)- for the same purpose of eco., one political unit but with obvious boundary relating to race, religion and custom. Lead to conflicts domination and success of one ethnic group over others.
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 Conflct of racism Bintang Tiga; separation of Spore from Msia; 13 Mei 1969; Kampung Medan and HINDRAF. Economic specialization on the basis of ethnicity.

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 a) b) c)

Political goal, social and eco. unstability; suspicion; not bieng thankful; dissatisfaction will lead to conflicts of race. To overcome: History subjects and courses must be strengthen in Msian education system dimana

bumi dipijak disitu langit dijunjung.

Build a sound social aspects within the youngsters. Needs of political leaders from every race who is honest, dedicated, focus on dvlpmt of of Msia as one nation.

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Colonialism and islam

Before British colonisation Hukum Kanun Melaka (islamic law) is main referance for govnmt British introduced Charter of Justice Islam is the religion of Msia separation between religion and politic.

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Education system
Before Merdeka dualistic edu. system English edu. for elit (Pnang Free School) and vernacular edu.(according to race, religion etc.) for others. Malay did not send their children bcoz religion is dominant value in society (school is adminster by Christian missionaries) and cannot afford. 1922 Maktab Perguruan Sultan Idris (further study)

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 Indian and Chinese education based on language curricullum came from their origin country. Deprivation policy by British basic concept of reading and writing deprive awareness.

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 Malay scholar (MPSI- Ishak Hj. Mohd., Ahmad Boestamam and others) claim for rights of education for Malays formed KMM (Kesatuan melayu Muda) Malay nasionalism against colonialism. Scholars from all races in Malaya formed Alliance Party MERDEKA!

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