SYSTEM SIMULATION

Presented By -Sayyan .N Shaikh

Definition
A simulation is the imitation of the operation of a real-world process or system over time. Or Simulation is a representation of reality through the use of a model or other device ,which will react in the same manner as reality under a given set of conditions. Simulation involves the generation of an artificial history of a system and the observation of that history to draw inferences concerning the operating characteristic of the real system.

When simulation is the appropriate tool?

Simulation enables the study of, and experimentation with, the internal interactions of a complex system or subsystem within a complex system. Informational, organizational, environmental changes can be simulated, and the effect of these alterations on the models behavior can be observed. The knowledge gained during the designing of a simulation model could be a great value toward suggesting improvement in the system under investigation. Simulation can be used to verify analytic solutions.

 Changing simulation inputs and observing resulting outputs can produce valuable insight into which variables are the most important and into how variables interact. Simulation can be used to experiment with new designs or policies before implementation, so as to prepare what might happen. Simulating different capabilities for a machine can help determine the requirements on it. Simulation models designed for training to make learning possible without the cost and disruption of on-the-job instructions. Animation shows a system in simulated operation so that the plan can be visualized. To understand internal interactions of complex modern system.

When simulation is not appropriate

Simulation should not be used when the problem can be solved by common sense. Simulation should not be used if the problem can be solved analytically. Simulation should not be used if it is easier to perform direct experiment. Simulation should not be used if costs of simulation exceed the saving. Simulation should not be performed if the resources, data or time are not available. If the system behavior is too complex or cant be defined, then simulation is not appropriate.

Areas of application
In the field of basic science -to evaluate area under curve. -to estimate value of . -to study of matrix inversion, particle diffusion. In industrial problems -shop floor management. -design of computer system, inventory control. -chemical process, nuclear reactor. -scheduling of production process. In military application -Design of weapon system, war strategies and tactics.

 In business and economic problems -customer behavior, price determination. -economic forecasting, capital budgeting. In social problems -population growth, living cost. -effect of environment on health and group behavior. In biomedical systems -fluid balance, brain activities. -distribution of electrolyte in human body. In the study of projects involving risky investment.

Components of simulation system

Entity: It is an object of interest. Attribute: It is an property of an entity. Activity: It is an time period of specified length. State of a system: It is the collection of the variables necessary to describe the system at any time, relative to the study. Event: Instantaneous occurrence that might change the state of the system. E.g. If bank is being simulated, customers might be a one of the entities, the balance in their checking accounts might be an attribute, and making deposits might be an activity and no. of customers waiting in line or being served might be a state of the system.

Types of simulation model

Static simulation model (Monte Carlo simulation): -It is a simulation system at particular point in time. Dynamic simulation model: -It is a simulation system which will change over time. Deterministic simulation model: -These type of simulation model have a known set of inputs, which will results in a unique set of outputs. It does not contain any random variable. Stochastic simulation model: -These type of simulation model have one or more random variable as input, which leads to a random outputs

 Discrete event simulation: -In this type of simulation changes in the state of the system occur instantaneously at random points in time as a result of the occurrence of the discrete events. E.g. Queuing system, where state of the system is the no of customers in the system. Continuous simulation: -In this type of simulation changes in the state of the system occur continuously over time. E.g. airplane in flight, where state of the system is the current position of the airplane.

Advantages
Simulation offers the solution by allowing the experimentation with model of the system without interfering with the real system. Bottleneck analysis can be performed to discover where work in process, information, materials and so on are being delayed exclusively. New hardware designs, physical layouts, transportation system can be tested without committing resource for there acquisition. Hypothesis about how and why certain phenomena occur can be tested for feasibility. The simulation technique is flexible and easier to use then mathematical model and superior for mathematical analysis. Using simulation What if? questions can be answered.

Disadvantages
Simulation model building requires special training. It is an art that learn over time through experience. Simulation result can be difficult to interpret. It does not produce optimum result. Simulation modeling and analysis can be time consuming and expensive.

Questions?

Thank you..!