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Objectives
Active Immunization
Types Live attenuated
Virus Bacteria
Killed
Specific IM
IV
deficiency disorders
RECOMMENDED AGE
BIRTH 2 MONTHS 4 MONTHS 6 MONTHS 9 MONTHS 12 MONTHS
VACCINE(S)
BCG, Hepatitis B (HBV) [DTP, HIB, HBV] Injectable Polio Vaccine (IPV) [DTP, HIB, HBV] Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) [DTP, HIB, HBV] Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) Measles vaccine (mono) Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) MMR Varicella Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) DTP, HIB Hepatitis A Hepatitis A Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) DTP MMR Varicella
1 8 MONTHS
24 MONTHS 4 6 YEARS
General Contraindications
Moderate or severe illness with or without fever Anaphylactic reaction to vaccine or vaccine constituent Live attenuated vaccines Pregnant women Immunocompromised / Immunosuppressed children within 3-11 months of immunoglobulin administration
Invalid Contraindications
Mild to moderate local reaction Mild acute illness with or without low grade fever Current antimicrobial therapy Prematurity and low birth weight History of penicillin or other nonspecific allergies Malnutrition
Compulsory Vaccines
INDICATIONS All newborns All tuberculin negative infants PRECAUTIONS & CONTRAINDICATIONS(CI): Give only to PPD negative children CI in persons with immunodeficiencies CI during pregnancy
Generalized
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B
ADMINISTRATION: 0.5 -1 ML, anterolateral thigh or deltoid IM injection at 0,1 and 6 months SIDE EFFECTS: Pain Arthralgia
Poliomyelitis Prophylaxis
PREPARATIONS
(A) Oral (OPV) (B) Inactivated (eIPV) OPV eIPV (a) OPV (b) IPV OPV
ADMINISTRATION
ADVERSE REACTIONS
PREPARATIONS
< 7 years : DTP, DT, DTaP (acellular pertussis vaccine) > 7 years : Td, TdaP IM
ADMINISTRATION
CONTRAINDICATIONS (CI)
Encephalopathy within 7 days Progressive or unstable neurological disorders Anaphylactic reaction to a previous dose
severe systemic reactions such as Temp > 40.50C persistent inconsolable crying > 3 hours Collapse episodes Convulsions
PRECAUTIONS
PREPARATIONS:
ADMINISTRATION:
INDICATIONS:
ADVERSE REACTIONS
Fever ,rash (7 days post vaccination) Arthralgia , arthritis (rubella) Encephalitis [rare] (measles, mumps) Suppression of PPD skin test (measles) Convulsions in prone children(measles) Thrombocytopenia
ADMINISTRATION
IM 2,4,6 months, booster at 15 months Children under 5 years of age High risk children
Local pain and erythema Mild fever
INDICATIONS
SIDE EFFECTS:
Varicella Prophylaxis
PREPARATIONS:
ADMINISTRATION:
0.5 ml IM 12 months and above..2 doses
Varicella Prophylaxis
70-90%
Varicella Prophylaxis
Immunocompromised patients Within 5 months of IG Children on long term salicylates Fever , rash Zoster
SIDE EFFECTS:
Hepatitis A
NATURE OF VACCINE: Killed formalin inactivated vaccine. PREPARATIONS: Various preparations available e.g. Havrix 720 Junior, Havrix 1440 etc.
Hepatitis A
INDICATIONS: children 1 year and above Susceptible children in endemic areas Chronic liver disease Hemophilia
Hepatitis A
ADMINISTRATION: IM injection 2 doses, at least 6 months apart ADVERSE REACTIONS: Local reactions, fever Rare: anaphylaxis
Additional Vaccines
Pneumococcal Prophylaxis
ADMINISTRATION:
IM / SC 1 dose/booster 5 years
Pneumococcal Prophylaxis
INDICATIONS:) children 2 yr. or older with Sickle cell disease Nephrotic syndrome Immunosuppression
Pneumococcal Prophylaxis
Meningococcal Prophylaxis
SC
Meningococcal Prophylaxis
INDICATIONS: Control of outbreaks Children with complement deficiencies or asplenia SIDE EFFECTS: local erythema and discomfort transient fever
Influenza Virus
Nature of vaccine:
Killed vaccine. Live attenuated whole and split virus vaccines. split virus vaccines are recommended for children 6 months and older. composition of the vaccine is changed annually.
Preparations:
Influenza Virus
ADMINISTRATION:
IM (killed). Live attenuated (intranasal). 1 dose during influenzae season. Children 6months-9 years should receive an additional dose, 4 weeks after the 1st dose, if not previously immunized.
Influenza Virus
Indications:
Influenza Virus
Indications:
Sickle cell anemia. Chronic salicylate therapy. Diabetes mellitus. Chronic renal disease. Chronic metabolic disease. immunosuppressive conditions: cancer, HIV etc. Hospital personnel with significant patient contact.
Influenza Virus
Contraindication:
Anaphylaxis to previous dose. Hypersensitivity to eggs.
Adverse Reaction:
Soreness at injection site. Allergic response.