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Name : ID : BAW 4
Outlines
Definition. Why Compact. Methods of deep compaction.
Vibro-Replacement Stone Columns. Dynamic Compaction. Preloading .
References.
Soil Compaction
Definition: It is the densification of soil by removal of air, which requires mechanical energy. Simplistically, compaction may be defined as the process in which soil particles are forced closer together with the resultant reduction in air voids.
Why Compact?
Increases load-bearing capacity. Prevents soil frost damage. Provides stability. Reduces water seepage, swelling and contraction. Reduces settling of soil.
Methods of compaction
1. 2. 3. Vibro-Replacement Stone Columns. Dynamic Compaction. Preloading .
The Vibro-Replacement Stone Column Process: 1. Reduces foundation settlement. 2. Increases bearing capacity, allowing reduction in footing size. 3. Provides slope stabilization. 4. Permits construction on fills. 5. Permits shallow footing construction.
Vibro-Replacement Procedures: Stage1: The jet at the bottom of the Vibroflot is turned on and lowered into the ground Stage2: The water jet creates a quick condition in the soil. It allows the vibrating unit to sink into the ground
Vibro-Replacement Procedures (cont.): Stage 3: Granular material is poured from the top of the hole. The water from the lower jet is transferred to he jet at the top of the vibrating unit. This water carries the granular material down the hole
Vibro-Replacement Procedures (cont.): Stage 4: The vibrating unit is gradually raised in about 0.3-m lifts and held vibrating for about 30 seconds at each lift. This process compacts the soil to the desired unit weight.
Dynamic compaction
Definition: method involves the systematic dropping of heavy weights, 100 to 400kN, from a height of 5 to 30m, in a pattern designed to remedy poor soil conditions at the proposed building site.
Stage3 : Subsequent passes compact successively shallower layers, following which the site is regarded.
Stage4 : The final tamping pass is often continuous to compact the soils at shallow depth.
Preloading
Known as pre-compression. It is the process of placing additional vertical stress on a compressible soil to remove pore water over time. The pore water dissipation reduces the total volume causing settlement. the consolidation of the soils is time dependent , delaying construction projects making it a nonfeasible alternative
Soils Treated: Organic Silt. Silts and Clays. Soft Clay. Dredged Material. Design Considerations: Bearing Capacity Slope Stability Degree of Consolidation
Applications Reduce PostConstruction Settlement Reduce Secondary Compression Densification Improve Bearing Capacity.