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Course Outline
Introduction Test your First Aid knowledge and skills Principals of First Aid Basic Human Anatomy (Bonus) Assess the situation Call for help Unconscious victim Airway obstruction CPR Shock Bleeding & infections Fractures & soft tissue injuries Medical emergencies
Aim: To provide you with basic skills and knowledge in order to recognize and provide First Aid for circulatory and respiratory emergencies (CPR) and to recognize a range of common illnesses and injuries.
Learning outcome: Demonstrate knowledge of the principals of first aid knowledge of basic human anatomy ability in the examination of a victim competence in the provision of CPR knowledge of identifying a range of common illnesses and injuries First aid management for a range of common illnesses and injuries
Stay calm Assess the situation Safety of First Aider Safety of other people Safety of victim Airway Breathing Circulation Use of bystanders to maintain Safety Do No Harm
To promote recovery
____________________________ ____________________________
Early CPR
Early ACLS
112
What has happened? Where? How Many? Answer questions. Do not hang up! Wait for the operator to tell you when to hang up. 6. Guide the helpers to the right place.
Recovery position
Tongue
Obstructed Airway Unconscious victim drug or alcohol abuse Foreign object like food, ice, toys, dentures, broken teeth, vomits Tissue damage accident related, poisons, fights
Obstructed airway continues Swelling Respiratory infections, allergic reaction Paralyzed airway brain damage, damage to spinal cord, poisoning
Obstructed Airway
Tell the victim to cough
Heimlich maneuver
If still not breathing give abdominal thrusts 5- 6 times
First Aid for choking 1. 2. 3. 4. Tell the victim to cough! Deliver 5 back slaps If not breathing 5 back slaps If not breathing Heimlich maneuver (abdominal thrusts) 5 6 times 5. Finger sweep and check breathing 6. If not breathing repeat abdominal thrusts If unconscious call for help repeat steps 1 to 6 x 3 No CPR
Heart Attack
Obstructed (clot) coronary arteries
Cardiac Arrest
Sudden stoppage of the heart (blood loss, suffocation, electric shock, anaphylactic shock, drug overdose, hypothermia)
Ventricular fibrillation ( VF )
Heart fibrillates no regular beat
Angina pectoris
Reduced blood supply to the heart during times of stress. Produces pain in the chest similar to that of heart attack
Start with 5 breaths and then continue with 30 chest compressions : 2 breaths
Chances of recovery
CPR must be commmenced immidiately! The time from stoppage of the heart to permanent death of brain tissue is aprox. 4 minutes. The avarage response time by an ambulance is 7 - 8 minutes (whole country 15-20 minutes). Someone is needed to sustain life until the ambulance arrives!
Practice CPR
Arterieal-Venous-Capillary Bleeding
Blood volumes
Patient Total Blood Volume Lethal Blood loss if not replaced (rapid)
5 6.6
liters
2 1.3
liters liters
300+ milliliters
Nosebleed
What is shock?
Plasma:
Signs of shock
Signs Alerted mental status: Anxiety Restlessness Combativeness Skin: Pale Cold Clammy Reason Brain not receiving enough oxygen
Body tries to correct problem by diverting blood from non-vital to vital organs (from skin to heart)
Changes in vital As body tries to pump more signs blood Rapid pulse (>120 = serious) Respiration rapid (>24 = serious) Other signs: Thirst, dilated pupils, sometimes cyanosis
Treatment of shock
1. Treat any cause of shock you identify. 2. Stay calm and reassure the victim 3. Lay down the victim and slightly elevate his legs. 4. Maintain normal body temperature 5. Give nothing to drink 6. Check and record breathing, pulse and level of response.
Shock continues
Anaphylactic shock Is a massive allergic reaction by the bodys immune system.
Fainting Is a self-correcting form of shock resulting from temporary lack of blood flow to the brain.
Musculoskeletal injuries
Fractures any break in a bone Dislocation when one end of a bone making up a joint is pulled or pushed out of place Sprain when a ligament is torn (ankle, knee, finger) Strain stretching of a muscle or tendon or mild tearing of muscle (neck, lower back)
RICE
R Rest the injured part
I Apply Ice C Compress the injury E Elevate the injured part
Asthma ?
Diabetes ? Seizures ?
Bonus points
Read through the Human anatomy handout and answer study questions.
You have until next week Monday to come to my office and show me your answers.
Thank you !