Pivotal Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine The right tool for the job

Scale of Opportunity
Pivotal Engine is a A multi-application technology It is a global industry opportunity

Pivotal will grow into a global powerunit provider bridging the chasm between efficiency / low CO2 and viability

The engine industry is very mature so incremental development has been the safe option But, the world is changing and external forces are disrupting business as usual

New demands bring opportunity and sometimes the simple solution is best

What we have
Simple, highly developed and truly novel ICE Multi-fuel capability The ideal hydrogen fuel design High thermal efficiency High power density Secured global IP A comprehensive understanding of the opportunities and the path to commercialization
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What is an Internal Combustion Engine

A device that processes fuel/air - harnesses combustion

Fuel

Engine

Torque

Fuel characteristics dictate design

Hydrogen is a very different fuel so incremental changes to convert the old engine will not deliver the hydrogen engine we need
Progress often demands that we take a step back in order to head in the right direction The Pivotal design presents a leapfrog opportunity

Hydrogen Combustion Characteristics Low volumetric power density

Low energy required for ignition High flame speed (at stoichiometric ratios) High auto-ignition temperature Short quenching distance High diffusivity

Hydrogen Combustion Characteristics

Low volumetric power density

Low energy required for ignition

High flame speed (at stoichiometric ratios) High auto-ignition temperature Short quenching distance High diffusivity

High flame speed at or near-to stoichiometric ratios

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Hydrogen Combustion Characteristics

Low volumetric power density Low energy required for ignition High flame speed (at stoichiometric ratios)

High auto-ignition temperature

Short quenching distance High diffusivity

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The Water Cooled Pivotal Piston

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1996

1998

2000

2003

2006

The 400cc Motorcycle

400 cc Twin chamber 11000 RPM 100 MPH

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1996

1998

2000

2003

2006

One Litre Twin Chamber Engine

Water-cooled piston 1000cc twin chamber 100 hp 6200 rpm

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1996

1998

2000

2003

2006

Pivotal DI Engine
1000 cc Twin Chamber Orbital direct injection

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1996

1998

2000

2003

2006

Pivotal Light Sport Plane Engine

Power 120 hp. Weight 120 lb. TBO 1000 hours. BSFC lb.per hp/hr

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1996

1998

2000

2003

2006

30 kW military stand-alone Genset

30 kW 250 kg JP8 fuel

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Prototype 38kW Pivotal engine setup to test 30kW generator at C.E. Niehoff in Illinois USA

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2 Litre Opposed Four Engine

65 kg and170 kW @ 6,000rpm or bus serieshybrid generator 60 kW @2,800rpm

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High power density?

100 hp

100 hp

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Moving Mass takes Energy

More Mass More Energy

More Fuel
More Emissions 22

Compact Car with 230 HP Pivotal Engine

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An Automotive Comparison
Toyota V6 Capacity (cc /CI) Power (hp) Weight (lb) 3000 / 183 220 380 Pivotal Opp 4 2000 /122 220 160 6

Box Size (cu.ft) 12

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Do we use our car less?

or do we take less car with us?

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What will drive the change to a hydrogen economy?

Competition for reducing oil supplies Public awareness on the effects of CO2 Cheap hydrogen from waste disposal Clean domestic and industrial CHP Storage and conversion of sustainably produced power Clean City Programmes Hydrogen buses, taxis, delivery trucks, rubbish removal (other captured fleets)
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The Pivotal Engine is the catalyst to grow the hydrogen/electric economy There is no insurmountable technology gap The full range of technologies needed to deliver efficient hydrogen/electric hybrid vehicles is available now.

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Project Role
Designer and assembler of the London H2 fleet Hybrid System Integrator Supplier of the Hybrid Propulsion System Supplier of the Electric Storage System Integrator of the selected Hydrogen combustion engine into the vehicle

Combustion is still the best means to convert hydrogen fuel to driving torque
The Pivotal engine is the low cost and simple solution - it presents an opportunity to develop new industry. Good design - changes everything YES WE CAN Recognize - invest - work - prosper