Submitted By:

Akshat Jain (imb2011031) Aniruddha Guha Biswas (imb2011010) Raveesh Tandon (imb2011020) Saurabh Bharti (imb2011016) Shaurabh Singh (imb2011005)

About OSI Model

The Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI model) was a

product of the Open Systems Interconnection effort at the International Organization for Standardization.
It is a way of sub-dividing a communications system into

smaller parts called layers.

Similar communication functions are grouped into logical

layers. A layer provides services to its upper layer while receiving services from the layer below.

7 Layers
OSI Model Data unit 7. Application Layer Function Network process to application

Data Host layers

6. Presentation

Data representation, encryption and decryption, convert machine dependent data to machine independent data

5. Session

Interhost communication

Segments

4. Transport

End-to-end connections and reliability, flow control

Packet/Datagram Media layers

3. Network

Path determination andlogical addressing

Frame

2. Data Link

Physical addressing

Bit

1. Physical

Media, signal and binary transmission

The Physical Layer

Converts bits into electronic signals for outgoing messages
Converts electronic signals into bits for incoming messages This layer manages the interface between the computer and the

network medium (coax, twisted pair, etc.)

The physical layer is responsible for movements of

individual bits from one hop (node) to the next.

The Data-Link Layer

The Data-Link layer (Layer 2) actually consists of two sub-

layers: 1) Logical Link Control (LLC) sub-layer The LLC sub-layer serves as the intermediary between the physical link and all higher layer protocols. Additionally, the LLC sub-layer can use flow-control and errorchecking 2) Media Access Control (MAC) sub-layer

 The MAC sub-layer controls access to the physical medium,

serving as mediator. example: Ethernet uses CSMA/CD, Token Ring utilizes a token The data-link layer packages the higher-layer data into framing or encapsulation .

The Network Layer

The Network layer controls the logical addressing of

devices. IP version 4 (IPv4) and IP version 6 (IPv6) are used. Network layer determines the best path to a particular destination network, and routes the data appropriately. Path selection between end-systems (routing). Subnet flow control. Fragmentation & reassembly. Translation between different network types.

The Transport Layer

The Transport layer is concerned with the reliable transfer of

data, end-to-end. There are two types of transport layer communication: 1) Connection-oriented uses (TCP). 2) Connectionless uses (UDP). Working: Flow Control Congestion Control Error-Checking

The Session layer

The Session Layer controls the dialogues (connections)

between computers. establishes, manages, and terminates sessions between applications. service location lookup Sessions can be full-duplex (send and receive simultaneously), or half-duplex (send or receive, but not simultaneously).

The Presentation layer

It controls the formatting of user data, whether it is text, video,

sound, or an image. data encryption data compression data conversion Examples of presentation layer formats include: Text (RTF, ASCII, EBCDIC) Music (MIDI, MP3, WAV) Images (GIF, JPG, TIF, PICT)

The Application layer

The Application layer provides the actual interface between the

user application and the network. The user directly interacts with this layer. Examples of application layer protocols include: FTP (via an FTP client) HTTP (via a web-browser) SMTP (via an email client) Telnet