Power system protection

Outline
Review of over current protection
Review of relay coordination
Power system modeling
Over current relay modeling
Export signal to MATLAB
Over current algorithm

Review of over current
protection
Type
Electromechanical
Static
Numerical
Time-current Characteristic
Instantaneous
Definite time
Inverse time
Review of relay coordination
Calculation of fault
CT selection
Relay setting
Plug setting
Time Multiplier Setting (TMS)
Grading
Power system modeling
Using PSCAD
Voltage source
Circuit breaker
Line impedance
Load
Transformer
Ammeter
Fault
0.019735213
0.019735213
0.019735213
A
B
C
A
B
C
11.0
#2 #1
132.0
30.0 [MVA]
Ijhc
Ikja
4
.
6
4
.
6
4
.
6
2
0
9
.
5
2
0
9
.
5
2
0
9
.
5
FAULTS
C
B
A
ABC->G
Ia
Timed
Fault
Logic
Timed
Fault
Logic
BRKla
BRKlb
BRKlc
Ib
Ic
BRKka
BRKkb
BRKkc
Ikjb
Ikjc
BRKja
BRKjb
BRKjc
Ijhb
Ijha
A B C 0
.
0
1
5
8
6
FAULTS
C
B
A
ABC->G
Source
Fault
CB
Ammeter
Transformer
Load
Line impedance
PSCAD OC relay model
Ia
51
BRKlc
Set primary and secondary
turn
PSCAD OC relay model
Automatic standard
Automatic company

Use PSCAD standard block to
build oc relay
X1
X2
X3
Ph1
Ph2
Ph3
Mag1 Mag2 Mag3
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7) (7) (7)
dc1 dc2 dc3
F F T
F = 60.0 [Hz]
ijha
ijhb
ijhc
IphA IphB IphC
IphA
N
D
N/D
100
*
1000
G
1 + sT
A
B
Ctrl
Ctrl = 1 0
1
Max
B
D
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
S
e
l
e
c
t
D
a
t
a
6

C
h
a
n
n
e
l

D
e
c
o
d
e
r
IDMTa
Insta
iphA1
Zero
Use PSCAD standard block to
build oc relay
IDMTa
A
B
Ctrl
Ctrl = 1
1
Monostable
T
Clear
1
sT
1
1
N
D
N
/
D
*
80
*
0.7
| X |
D
+
F
+
1
* 5.0
D
+
F
-
Zero
Detector
1
Max
B
D
1
Max
B
D
Insta
BRKja
X
TMS
Plug set
Extremely inverse
t
t I I
I I
t t
m s f
s f
m
80
1
1 ) / (
80
2
+ =

=
Output signal to MATLAB
Time,Ia,Ib,Ic
0.000000,0.000000,0.000000,0.000000
0.000500,0.000326,-0.000570,0.000243
0.001000,0.002039,-0.003083,0.001044
0.001500,0.005403,-0.007064,0.001661
0.002000,0.010282,-0.011616,0.001334
0.002500,0.016394,-0.015956,-0.000438
Fourier series


) ( tan
) sin(
1
2 2
n
n
n n n
n n
b
a
b a A
t A

=
+ =
+
u
u e
n = 1 ; fundamental frequency
window1 window2 window3 Windo4
F(t)
OC Relay Algorithm
1. Import I from PSCAD
2. Use Fourier to find Ipeak for each AT
3. Irms ~ Ipeak/\2*1000
4. T
op
=
5. Travel =summation of 1/ T
op
6. Travel = 1 set trip = 1
1 ) / (
80
2

s f
m
I I
t