Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
PRESENTED BY:-
NEHA SAHOO
09-PE-12
OVERVIEW
INTRODUCTION HISTORY TYPES OF BIOPLASTIC MICRO-ORGANISMS DEGRADING BIOPLASTIC DEGRADATION OF BIOPLASTIC BIODEGRADATION OF PHA DEGRADATION OF PHA BY ENZYME BENEFITS , DRAWBACKS ,APPLICATIONS OF PHA RECENT TECHNOLOGY ADVANTAGES OF BIOPLASTIC CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION
PLASTICS
Defined as polymers which on heating become mobile. Non metallic moldable compounds. Pure plastics have low toxicity. Plasticizers like adipates and phthalates are added to brittle plastics.
TYPES OF PLASTICS
Thermoplastics Thermosetting
BIOPLASTIC
Plastic made partially or wholly from polymers derived from biological sources. Polymer are lipid in nature. Degraded by fungi, bacteria ,enzyme and also in open air. Size, number of granules, monomer composition etc vary depending on producer organism.
History
Early History:
In 2000s and beyond: Demand for plastic is continually growing. Now a days, bioplastic used are cellulose based, starch based and used as BIODEGRADABLE POLY BAG
BIOPOLYMERS: CLASSIFICATION
Renewable Resource-based Microbial synthesized Petro-Bio (Mixed) Sources
Petro-based synthetic
PLA Polymer (From Corn) Cellulosic plastics Soy-based plastics Starch plastics
Polyvinyl alcohols
TYPES OF BIOPLASTICS
Starch based plastics
PLASTIC
1) Polyethylene 2) Polyurethane 3) Polyvinyl chloride 4)BTA copolyester 1) Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) 2) Polycaprolactone 3) Polylactic acid 1) Starch/polyethylene 2) Starch/polyester
MICRO-ORGANISM
Brevibacillus borstelensis Rhodococcus rubber Fusarium solani Cladosporium sp. Aspergillus niger Ochrobactrum TD Thermomonspora fusca
SYNTHETHIC PLASTIC
NATURAL PLASTIC
Pseudomonas lemoignei Clostridium botulinum Fusarium solani Bacillus brevis Aspergillus niger Streptomyces
POLYMER BLENDS
DEGRADATION OF BIOPLASTIC
The most important reaction for initiating the environmental degradation of synthetic polymers is the abiotic hydrolysis.
PROPERTIES OF PHA:
Natural polyester of bacteria. Substitute for petrochemical plastic. Molecular mass of PHA is between 2105 to 3106 Daltons. Analogous material properties to thermoplastics to elastomers ranging from C3 to C14..
SOURCES
Anaerobic and aerobic micro-organism degrading PHA isolated from ecosystem. Soil:Pseudomonas lemoignei
Plants
Recycle
Carbohydrates
Fermentation
Plastic Products
PHA Polymer
DRAWBACKS
Unsatisfactory mechanical properties. Brittleness.
Applications of PHA
Medical applications
Development of cardiovascular products
Drug delivery Cell implants
RECENT TECHNOLOGY
Eco-One
Organic additive that biodegrade plastic when disposed in microbe rich environment. Allows plastic to be consumed by microbes.
MECHANISM
Formation of BioFilm Expansion of the Polymer Matrix
Advantages of Bioplastic
Take less time to break down.
Are renewable.
Good for environment.
CONCLUSION
To date, more than 160 different polyesters with plastic properties have been described and this number is growing exponentially by means of genetic and metabolic engineering techniques. It could be expected that many other bioplastics with different structures, properties and applications could be obtained if the appropriate organism were selected and genetically manipulated.
REFERENCES
Bacon, C., and J. White. 2000. Microbial endophytes. Marcel Dekker, NewYork,NY. Cosgrove, L., P L. McGeechan, G. D. Robson, and P. S. Handley. . 2007.Fungal communities associated with degradation of polyester polyurethanein soil. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73:58175824. Crabbe, J. R., J. R. Campbell, L. Thompson, S. L. Walz, and W. W. Schultz.1994. Biodegradation of a colloidal ester-based polyurethane by soil fungi. Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. 33:103113. Darby, R. T., and A. T. Kaplan. 1968. Fungal susceptibility of polyurethanes.Appl. Microbiol. 16:900905.
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