Coverage in Wireless Sensor Network

Phani Teja Kuruganti AICIP lab

Sensors and Coverage

Sensors are of different type uni-

directional, multi-directional, omnidirectional. Coverage of each sensor is determined by the kind of sensing. Omni directional sensors - acoustic or seismic the coverage can be assumed as a 2D-Gaussian envelope.

Sensors and Coverage

Placement of sensor nodes full coverage,

minimal energy consumption. The sensor placement is in-deterministic The sensor however are not dynamic enough to assume a deterministic position to assume maximum coverage. Thus the problem now works around three issues of sensor field under-covered, aptly covered, over covered. Each case redundancies still exist due to placement.

Gaussian Distribution of a Sensor

Coverage Problems in WSN

Seapahn Meguerdichian, Farinaz Koushanfar, Miodrag Potkonjak, Mani.B.Srivastava

Computational geometry and graph

theoretic techniques Voronoi Diagrams and graph search algorithms Centralized approach Assumes a central command centre. Optimal polynomial time algorithm for coverage in sensor network Converts continuous geometric problem into discrete graph problem

Algorithm

Voronoi triangulation and Breach Path

Power Efficient Organization of Wireless Sensor Networks

Sasa Slijepcevic, Miodrag Potkonjak

A heuristic that organizes the available sensor

nodes into mutually exclusive sets where the members of each of these sets of nodes completely monitors the given area. Only one such set is active at any moment and consumes power the other set is activated when the first one is deactivated. Assumes isotropic circular sensing systems.

Algorithm for assigning points into fields

Set K-Cover Problem

Set K-Cover Problem Does the collection of subsets contain K disjoint set of covers of set A A most constrained and least constrained heuristic is developed to simulate the real scenarios This is a centralized technique and very computationally intensive since it uses simulated annealing

Sensor Placements for Grid Coverage under Imprecise Detections

Santpal S.Dhillon, Krishnendu Chakrabarty, S.S.Iyengar

Resource-based optimization framework for

sensor resource management Represents sensor field as grid (2 or 3dimensional) and works on deterministic placement of the senor nodes. The algorithm places each sensor on a grid point, one sensor at a time greedy heuristic. Comparison is done between random placement Vs their deterministic PLACE_SENSORS algorithm

Discussion
The Voronoi Tessellation and Simulated

annealing will provide good result but will have to little to offer in the context of distributed self-organized networks. Computational ability is also a concern. This requires a more real time and distributed algorithm for coverage issue.

Coverage Map Technique

Assume an omni-directional sensor with isotropic sensing

capability leading to a 2D-Gaussian. Establish a cluster head and allow each node initially to beacon its location obtained from the GPS to the cluster head Produce a image map at the cluster head to represent the deployed sensor fields Gaussians and look for black patches and bright patches on the Image. Obtain the maximum likelihood between sensors based on the probability density function. Fix a threshold ( p(x,y) > 0.70 ) to shutdown the sensor since the sensors are likely to cover the same area of the sensor field.

Coverage Map Technique

The accuracy of estimation can be acquired

by knowing the variance of the sensor.

Coverage Map Technique

Image Map of the Coverage

Coverage Map Technique

Under-represented Coverage

Over-represented Coverage

Conclusion and Future work

The related work and our approach in

sensor field coverage is shown. The coverage map technique promises to decrease redundancy. Different sensor modalities should be considered and subsequently correlation factor should be observed. Efficient physical level node scheduling scheme for energy consumption

References

Coverage Problems in WSN, Seapahn Meguerdichian, Farinaz Koushanfar, Miodrag Potkonjak,

Mani.B.Srivastava

Power Efficient Organization of Wireless Sensor Networks

Sasa Slijepcevic, Miodrag Potkonjak

Sensor Placements for Grid Coverage under Imprecise Detections

Santpal S.Dhillon, Krishnendu Chakrabarty, S.S.Iyengar

On the Coverage and Detectability of Large-scale Wireless Sensor Networks

Benyuan Liu, Don Towsley

Unreliable Sensor Grids : Coverage, Connectivity and Diameter

Sanjay Shakkottai, R.Srikant and Ness B.Shroff