FIRST AID

First Aid is the immediate care given to a person who has been injured or suddenly taken ill. It includes self-help and home care if medical assistance is not available or delayed..

Roles and Responsibilities

It is the bridge that fills the gap between the victim and the physician It is not intended to complete with, or take the place of the services of the physician It ends when the services of a physician begin. Ensures safety of the patients Gains access to the victim. Determine any treats to patients life. Assist physician and medical personnel. Records all assessments and care given to the patients.

Objectives
To alleviate suffering
To prevent added/further injury To prolong life

Characteristics of a good First Aider

Gentle Resourceful Observant Tactful Empathetic Respectable

Hindrances in giving First Aid

Unfavorable surroundings Night time Crowded city, street, churches, shopping malls and etc. Cold and rainy weather. Busy highways. Lack of necessary materials. The presence of crowd. Crowds curiosity, sometimes offer incorrect advice. Pressure from victim relatives.

First Aid Kit Contents (basics)

Rubbing alcohol Cotton Povidone-iodine Gauze pads Band aid Plaster Gloves Scissors Bandage

Wound is a break in the continuity of a tissue of the body either

internal or external

2 Classification of Wounds
Closed wounds involves the underlying tissue without break/damage in the skin or mucous membrane. Management Ice application Compression Elevation Open wounds - a break in the skin or mucus membrane or the protective skin layer is damage Management Direct pressure Elevation Pressure point bleeding control

NOTE: dont apply direct pressure on, eye injury/wound with embedded object/head injury

Nose Bleeding
First aid Have the victim sit down and lean forward. Pinch the soft part of the nose for 15 minutes. Place a cold compress at the bridge of the nose. Repeat the procedure if the nose is still bleeding after 15 minutes.

Amputation
First aid Brush off dirt and debris. Cover the amputated part with wet sterile dressing. Put inside a plastic bag. Put in an icebox full of ice. Calm and comfort the victim.

Diabetes
First aid Give food or drink containing sugar. If unconscious, check the victim ABCs and get medical help.

Seizure
First aid Dont put anything in his/her mouth. Prevent the victims head injury.

Heat Stroke
First aid Move the victim in cool room. Give water but tell him what are you doing. Wrap the victim with wet towels or sheets. Place cold compress on the warmest parts of the body such as neck & armpits. Immerse the victim in cold water.

Manual thrust a quick movement of the hands to remove an obstruction of the airways.

Heimlich maneuver a system developed by Heimlich to remove foreign object from the airways.
Abdominal thrust a quick movement in the abdomen to remove object from the mouth. Choking
First aid Practical exercises Procedure; 5 back flow/5 abdominal trust

Normal ranges for Pulse Rate

AGE ADULT CHILD INFANT RANGE 60-90/min 80-100/min 100-120/min

Normal ranges for Respiratory

AGE RANGE

ADULT
CHILD INFANT

12-20/min
18-25/min 25-35/min

CPR Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation Rescue Breathing causing the artificial air to enter the lungs of
the victim who breathing suddenly stopped.

Step by Step procedure in performing CPR Survey the scene scene is safe
Introduce your self as train first aider my gloves are on can I help Im Mr/Ms a train first aider Hey sir, hey sir are you ok (2x) ( tap on his shoulder) The victim is unresponsive loosen/unbuttons shirt/belt Ill check is breathing negative (seek help) Men in black pls., call a doctor Ill check for airways Ill check for breathing (1001,1002,1003,1004,1005) Ill give initial ventilatory maneuvers (2x buga)

Ill check for blood circulation the victim has sign of circulation, follow medical assistance as I do I give rescue breathing

Methods of Transfer
One-man assist/carries/drag
Assist to walk Carry in arms (lovers carry) Packs strap carry Fireman drag Blanket drag Feet drag

Two-man assist/carry
Assist to walk Four-hand seat Chair as a litter Carry by extremities

Tree-man carries
Hammock carry Bearers along side