Culture

Learned behaviors, traditions, beliefs, and ways of life created by groups of people

 A nation culture resides in the heart and in the soul of its people. (Mohandas Gandhi) Without culture and the relative freedom it implies society even when perfect is but a jungle. This is why any authentic creation is a gift to the future. (Albert Camus)

 The commencement speech is not, I think a wholly satisfactory manifestation of our culture. (John Kenneth Galbraith)

Type of Culture
Material culture
Physical or tangible creations (such as clothing shelter, and art) that members of a society make, use, and share.

Nonmaterial culture
Abstract or intangible human creations of society (such as attitudes, beliefs, and values) that influence peoples behavior.

Elements of Culture
1) Material Culture
a) Technology b) Economics

4) Humans and the Universe

a) Belief Systems

2) Social Institutions
a) Family b) Education c) Political Structure d) The Media

5) Aesthetics
a) Graphic and Plastic Arts b) Folklore c) Music, Drama and Dance

6) Other Aspects of Culture

a) Food b) Dresses c) Literature d) Festivals

3) Language
a) National b) Regional

Sociological Analysis of Culture

Culture helps people meet biological, instrumental and expressive needs.

Functionalist

Conflict

Ideas can be used by the ruling class to affect members of other classes.

Sociological Analysis of Culture

People create, maintain, and modify culture during their everyday activities.

Symbolic Interactionist

Postmodern

Culture is based on simulation of reality rather than reality itself.

Introduction
Culture of Pakistan

Sub-culture of Pakistan

History of Pakistan
Emergence of the Nation

National Identity

Ethnic Relations

Facts of Pakistan
Location:
Southern Asia, bordering Afghanistan 2,430 km, China
523 km, India 2,912 km, Iran 909 km

Capital:
Islamabad

Population:
159,196,336 (July 2004 est.)

Facts of Pakistan
Ethnic Make-up:
Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashtun (Pathan), Baloch, Muhajir
(immigrants from India at the time of partition and their descendants)

Religions:
Muslim 97% (Sunni 77%, Shi'a 20%), Christian, Hindu, and other (inc. Sikh) 3%

Flag of Pakistan

National Events
Pakistan Day. May Day. Independence day. Defence Day . Airforce Day . Death Anniversary of Quaid-e-Azam. Birthday of Allama Mohammad Iqbal. Christmas and Birthday of Quaid-e-Azam.

Values and Beliefs

The majority of Pakistan's population are Muslims and they follow the Islamic religion Islamic values can be divided in three groups
1) Necessities 2) Convenience 3) Refinements

ISLAMIC NORMS
Islam has paid great attention to norms, which can protect basic values.
1. Self Interest vs Self-sacrifice 2. Extravagance vs Frugality 3. Greed vs Contentment 4. Generalizing a Crime vs Personality in Criminal Law 5. Peace and Forgiveness

Islamic Festivals
Eid-ul-fitr Eid-ul-azha

12th Rabi-UI-Awal

Folk Festivals
Mela Chiraghan Horse & Cattle Show Lok mela. BASANT.

Art and Craft

Islam prohibited from pictorial art, therefore as being a Muslim country emphasis in Pakistan is laid on non pictorial form of Art like calligraphy, floral and geometrical design. People living in different areas of Pakistan make different articles from the raw materiel available in their areas. For example Sindh is famous for Ajrak, embroidery glass work and kashi work and. beautiful decoration pieces made of Sea

Performing arts
Music
Ghazal, Qawwali, Religious, Classical, Regional, Modern

Dance
Folk dances are still popular in Pakistan and vary according to region such as: Bhangra, Luddi, Sammi and Dhemmal in Punjab. Attan Khattak, Chirali Dance in Khyber-Pakhtunkwa. Ho Jamalo in Sindh. Jhumar in Siraiki and also Blochi folk dance. Lewa especially in Baluchi folk dance.

Poetry and Literature

Poetry is the most important form of literature in Pakistan. One of the most known exponent of Urdu poetry is Mirza Ghalib. He has written various poems in Urdu and Persian. His poems are still read and loved by Urdu and Hindi speaking people around the globe.

Pakistan literature
The literature of Pakistan is a distinct literature that gradually came to be defined after Pakistan gained nationhood status in 1947, emerging out of literary traditions of the Indian subcontinent. The shared tradition of Urdu literature and English literature of British India was inherited by the new state. Over a period a body of literature unique to Pakistan has emerged in nearly all major Pakistani languages, including Urdu, English Punjabi, Balochi, Pushto and Sindhi

Language of Pakistani Culture

National Language
Urdu, English

Provincial Language
Punjaki, Sindhi, Pushto, Balochi, Brahvi, Saraiki, and Hindko

Food of Pakistani Culture

Food Pakistan is rich in its flavor and taste. Some of the most delicious Mughal dishes forms the core of Food Pakistan. Pakistani Cuisine is very spicy and has been greatly influenced by the afghan, Iranian and Turkish cooking style.

Dress
Dress in a Muslim society like Pakistan is designed and intended to cover human body, as nudity is prohibited in Islam. So, people of Pakistan prefer to wear simple dresses according to their climate.

Family Life
Male oriented with strong sense of family bond, generally preference is given to boys over girls. Marriage Considered as a social and emotional bond between two individuals and families. Arrange marriages are preferred.

Customs and Traditions of Pakistan

Marriages Food and Eating Habits Rest and Recreation: Music and Dance

Recreation & Sports

Main games and sports are played in Pakistan, which include Wrestling, Hockey, Football, Squash, badminton, Athletes, cricket and Kabbadi.

Mix Culture
Pakistani culture can be called as "Mixed Culture". Although the majority of people in Pakistan are Muslims by birth and faith, There is a strong influence of Hindu culture on the present Pakistani culture. The shadows of this influence are quite visible on the marriage ceremonies and festivals like "Basant". 100 years of British Rule left deep mark of English culture in Indo-Pak Subcontinent. Due to advance development in media the whole world is turned into a global village leaving strong impact on Pakistani culture as well.