How animals feed

Components of Diet Balanced Diet Diseases associated with nutrition Digestion in Humans

Introduction

Taking in food is called feeding or nutrition Food which you eat everyday is called Diet Food helps the body to make new parts, repair old parts and to release energy Difference in Plant and animal nutrition Components of Diet are Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats, vitamins, minerals (inorganic ions), water and roughage.

Carbohydrates energy givers

Starch and sugar are carbohydrates These molecules contain elements Carbon(C), Hydrogen (H) and Oxygen (O)atoms Hydrogen atoms are two times more than the other two Simple and complex carbohydrates Glucose simple sugar, monosaccharide, has 6 C atoms, 12 H atoms, 6 O atoms arranged in ring shaped molecule which are small and taste sweet C6H12O6 Molecular formula 1 gm of carbohydrate releases 17KJ of energy

Glucose

Sucrose - Disaccharide

2 simple sugars joined together Examples are sucrose, maltose Soluble and taste sweet STARCH POLYSACCHARIDE Contains 1000s of simple sugars joined together Plant cell wall contains cellulose starch Insoluble and do not taste sweet

Proteins

Are made of amino acids single units Contain elements C, H, O and nitrogen (N), small amounts of sulphur (S) There are 20 different types of a.a The order of a.a is very precise in ever protein A.a are essential and non essential Some proteins are soluble haemoglobin-red pigment in blood Some insoluble keratin Hair & fingernails

Proteins are made of amino acids

Proteins

Used for growth and repair Cell membranes and cytoplasm contain a lot of proteins They are also needed to make antibodies They fight bacteria and viruses Enzymes are proteins

Fats or Lipids

Contain fatty acid and glycerol Contain only 3 elements C, H, O One fat molecule is made of 3 fatty acid chains and 1 glycerol Fats are used to release energy in a cell 1 gm of fat gives 39KJ of energy, twice that of carbohydrate or protein So it is an energy storing molecule Cells under skin called adipose tissue contain oils or fats help to keep the body warm and maintains temperature, also insulates Seal, whales have thick layers of adipose tissue called blubber Insoluble in water

Fats/Lipids Fatty acid and glycerol

Vitamins and minerals

Vitamins are organic substances needed in very small amounts If not found in the body will lead to deficiency disease Minerals inorganic ions Water Chemical reactions metabolism Will happen only when dissolved in water No water cells dry no reactions cell dies Transport around the body only in dissolved condition

Roughage

Fibre Matter which cannot be digested Egested out Helps the alimentary canal to function well Aids the peristaltic movement of muscles E.g. plant products humans cannot digest lignin or cellulose Prevents constipation