HISTORY

-Originated from Africa between 1884 and 1924 -David Carr first known AIDS Death -Entered the USA at around 1970 -First referred to as the gay cancer -Institut Pasteur of France discovered HIV virus in 1984 -Dr. Robert Gallo confirmed that the cause of AIDS is HIV -PROBABLY a mutation of an African monkey

HISTORY
1982 term AIDS is created AIDS is reported among haemophiliacs and Haitians in the USA 1985 - HIV test is licensed for screening blood supplies

GLOBAL FACTS & FIGURES

Since the beginning of the epidemic, almost 60 million people have been infected with HIV and 25 million people have died of HIV-related causes In 2008, some 33.4 million people living with hIV, 2.7 million new infections and 2 million AIDSrelated deaths.

GLOBAL FACTS & FIGURES

In 2008, around 430 000 children were born with HIV, bringing to 2.1 million the total of children under 15 living with HIV. Sub-Saharan Africa is the region most affected and is home to 67% of all people living with HIV worldwide and 91% of all new infections among children.

HIV IS A VIRUS & IS AN INFECTI ON

AIDS IS A STAGE & NOT A DISEASE

WHAT IS HIV?
HIV is short for Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

Once infected with HIV, a person is referred to as HIV positive. However, this does not necessarily mean that (s)he has symptoms or feels sick. An HIV positive person can feel and look healthy for a long time after first becoming infected.

WHAT IS AIDS?
AIDS, or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, can take many years to develop. Eventually, the virus kills or impairs more and more cells in the immune system and the body loses the ability to fight off common infections, such as diarrhea or colds. People with AIDS can die from diseases that are usually not dangerous for people with healthy immune systems.

FROM HIV TO AIDS

Aids is diagnosed when your CD 4 blood count is at 200 or lower and you have an opportunistic infection (i.e. Kaposis Sarcoma or PCP (This is a set point for medical diagnosis) A healthy blood count may range from 800 to 1200 CD4

MAJOR SYMPTOMS
-Loss of more than 10% of body weight -Chronic diarrhea -Prolonged fever

MINOR SYMPTOMS
-Cough for more than a month

-Generalized itchy skin rash

-Painful group of blisters all over the body -Generalized swollen lymph glands

-White curd like patched on tongue/throat

HIV/AIDS MYTHS
-There is a cure for HIV/AIDS -Restricted to certain group/ community/country

-Sex with virgin can cure AIDS

-Is not a major problem in India -Presence of STD is a pre requisite for HIV infection

AT RISK
A person who:
Uses shared/contaminated needles and syringes Has a sexually transmitted infections(STIs) Has anal sex with her/his partner(s) Exchanges sex for money or drugs Has many sex partners Leads life separated from spouse due to professional obligations (e.g., truck drivers, laborers, migrants)

HOW HIV CAN NOT BE TRANSMITTED

-Through air or by coughing and sneezing -Through food or water -Through sweat and tears -By sharing cups, plates, and utensils with an infected person -By touching, hugging and kissing an infected person -By sharing clothes or shaking hands with an infected person -By sharing toilets and bathrooms with an infected person -By living with an infected person -By mosquitoes, fleas, or other insects

Found in all body fluids Urine Saliva Sweat tears

-Blood -Semen -Pre-ejaculated fluid -Vaginal fluid -Breast milk

A.

Sexual Intercourse

B.

Blood Transfusion

C. Sharing unsterilized metal equipment

D.

Mother-to-child -pregnancy -delivery -breastfeeding

Transmission Sexual

Mode of Transmission Anal Vaginal Homosexual

Inoculation in blood

Heterosexual Transfusion of blood or blood products Needle sharing among intravenous drug users Needlestick, open wound, and mucousmembrane exposure to health care workers (e.g., dentists, oral surgeons) Tattoo needles

Perinatal

Transplacental (intrauterine transmission) Peripartum transmission (during labor and delivery) Breast milk ingestion in neonates

 Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/Enzyme Immunoassay (ELISA/EIA) Radio Immunoprecipitation Assay/Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Assay (RIP/IFA) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Western Blot Confirmatory test

ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS
-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors -Non-nucleoside Transcriptase Inhibitors -Protease Inhibitors

ABSTINENCE
The only 100% effective method of not acquiring HIV/AIDS. Refraining from sexual contact Oral Anal Vaginal Refraining from intravenous drug use

MONOGAMOUS RELATIONSHIP
-A mutually monogamous relationship with a person not infected with HIV -HIV testing to prove your partner is not infected

PROTECTED SEX
Use of condoms Vaginal or anal Latex or polyurethane Latex barrier during oral sex

STERILE NEEDLES
-Use of sterile needles

HUMAN RIGHTS
Republic Act 8504 The Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998

R.A. 8504
Article IV: Health and Support Services Section 22: Hospital-Based Services Section 23: Community-Based Services Section 24: Livelihood Programs and Trainings

R.A. 8504
Article IV: Health and Support Services Section 25: Control of STDs Section 26: Insurance for Persons with HIV

R.A. 8504
Article VII: Discriminatory Acts and Policies Section 35: Discrimination in the Workplace Section 36: Discrimination in Schools Section 37: Restriction on Travel and Habitation Section 38: Inhibition from Public Service

R.A. 8504
Article VII: Discriminatory Acts and Policies Section 39: Exclusion from Credit and Insurance services Section 40: Discrimination in Hospitals and Health institutions Section 41: Denial of Burial Sevices Section 42: Penalties for Discriminatory Acts and Policies

GENDER
Factor in health-seeking behavior Access to health care services Decision-making in access to health facilities Cost of treatment

Men with HIV- hardly questioned how they became infected Women with HIV- accused of having extramarital sex

Men: pressured to keep their infection status a secret for fear of dismissal from work and unable to play their traditional role as breadwinners

Women: had to shoulder the burden of providing care to household members suffering from AIDSrelated illnesses, as well as supporting their households financially