FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING PRACTICE

NURSING
Latin word NUTRIX to nourish A caring profession An ART and SCIENCE 4 major concepts:

PERSON ENVIRONMENT HEALTH NURSING

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The act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery (NIGHTINGALE) Act of assisting the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to peaceful death) that he would perform unaided if he had necessary strength, will or knowledge (HENDERSON)

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Direct, goal-oriented, and adaptable to the needs of the individual, family, community during health and illness (ANA 1973) The diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual and potential health problems (ANA 1980)

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The protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, preventions of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human responses, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities and populations (ANA 2003)

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Encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of individual of all ages, families, groups and communities, sick or well, and in all settings NURSING is:

Caring Client centered Holistic Adaptive

- helping profession - concern with:

- health promotion
- health maintenance
- health restoration

CHARACTERISTICS OF NURSING
Nursing is caring Nursing involves close personal contact with the recipient of care Nursing is concerned with services that take humans into account as physiological, psychological, emotional and sociological organism Nursing is committed to promoting individual, family, community, and national health goals in its best manner possible

CHARACTERISTICS OF NURSING
Nursing is committed to personalized services for all persons without regard to color, creed, social or economic status Nursing is committed to involvement in ethical, legal and political issues in the delivery of care

HUMAN RESPONSE PATTERNS

EXCHANGING mutual giving and receiving COMMUNICATING transmission of messages RELATING establishing bonds CHOOSING selection of alternatives MOVING - activity

HUMAN RESPONSE PATTERNS

PERCEIVING reception of information KNOWING meaning associated with information FEELING subjective awareness of information

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Early Beliefs and Practices

Disease causes associated with superstition an mysticism
Another person Evil spirits

Belief that evil spirits should be driven away Beliefs in special gods of healing and their intermediary

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Early

Care of the Sick

Persons suffering from disease of unidentified cause mangkukulam or manggagaway Difficult childbirth nonos
Midwives (mabuting hilot) assist childbirth Difficult labor/childbirth gunpowder exploded from a bamboo

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Spanish Regime religious orders exerted effort to care for the sick by building hospitals Earliest hospitals

Hospital Real de Manila (1577) San Lazaro Hospital (1578) Hospital de Indio (1586) Hospital de Aguas Santas (1590) San Juan de Dios Hospital (1596)

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Nursing during the Philippine Revolution

Josephine Bracken installed a field hospital in an estate house n Tejeros; provided nursing care to the wounded Rosa Sevilla de Alvero converted their house into quarters for the Filipino soldiers, during the Philippine-American War Dona Hilaria de Aguinaldo organized the Filipino Red Cross under the inspiration of Apolinario Mabini

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Nursing during the Philippine Revolution

Dona Maria Agoncillo de Aguinaldo provided nursing care to Filipino soldiers during the revolution; President of the Filipino Red Cross branch in Batangas Melchora Aquino nursed the wounded Filipino soldiers and gave them shelter and food

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Nursing during the Philippine Revolution

Capitan Salome revolutionary leader in Nueva Ecija; provided nursing care to the when not in combat Agueda Kahabagan revolutionary leader in Laguna; also provided nursing services to her troops Trinidad Tecson Ina ng Biac na Bato; stayed in the hospital at Biac na Bato to care for the wounded soldiers

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Filipino Red Cross

Malolos, Bulacan location of national headquarters Established branches in provinces Funtions:
Collection of war funds and materials through concerts, charity bazaars, and voluntary contributions Provisions of nursing care to wounded Filipino soldiers

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Hospitals and Schools of Nursing

Iloilo Mission Hospital School of Nursing (Iloilo City, 1906)
Ran by Baptist Foreign Mission Society of America Miss Rose Nicolet 1st superintendent for nurses March 1944 22 nurses graduated April 1944 graduate nurses took the 1st Nurses Board Examination at the Iloilo Mission Hospital

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Hospitals and Schools of Nursing

St. Pauls Hospital School of Nursing (Manila, 1907)
Established by the Archbishop of Manila, Most Reverend Jeremiah Harty, under the supervision of the Sisters of St. Paul de Chartres Located in Intramuros, provided general hospital services Had a free dispensary and dental clinic Opened its training school for nurses in 1908 with Rev. Mother Melanie as superintendent and Miss E. Chambers as Principal

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Hospitals and Schools of Nursing

Philippine General Hospital School of Nursing (1097)
Mrs. Mary Coleman Masters (1906) 1907 with support of Governor General Forbes and the Director of Health opened classes in nursing under the auspices of the Bureau of Education Julia Nichols and Charlotte Clayton taught nursing subjects

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Hospitals and Schools of Nursing

Philippine General Hospital School of Nursing (1097)
Act of 1976 (1910) modified organization of school; became known as Philippine General Hospital School of Nursing Elsie McCloskey-Gaches chief nurse that introduced several improvements in the school Anastacia Giron-Tupas 1st Filipino nurse to occupy the position of chief nurse and superintendent

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Hospitals and Schools of Nursing

St. Lukes Hospital School of Nursing (Quezon City, 1907)
An Episcopalian Institution Opened with 3 Filipino girls admitted Miss Helen Hicks 1st Principal Mrs. Vitaliana Beltran 1st Filipino superintendent for nurses Dr. Jose Fores 1st Filipino Medical Director

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Hospitals and Schools of Nursing

Central School Idea in Nursing
REQUIREMENTS Educational preparation, at least completion of 7th grade Sound physical and mental health Good moral character Good family and social standing Recommendations from 3 different persons well known in the community

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Hospitals and Schools of Nursing

Mary Johnston Hospital and School of Nursing (Manila, 1907)
Was called Bethany Dispensary and was funded by the Methodist Mission Sr. Rebecca Parish, Rose Dudley and Gertrude Dreisback organized the Mary Johnston school of nursing Burned down in 1945, reconstructed and reopened in 1947 at the Harris Memorial Miss Librada Javalera 1st Filipino director of the school

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Hospitals and Schools of Nursing

Philippine Christian Mission Institute Schools of Nursing
The United Christian Missionary Society of Indianapolis operated 3 schools of nursing:
Sallie Long Read Memorial Hospital School of Nursing (Laoag, Ilocos Norte, 1903) Mary Chiles Hospital School of Nursing (Manila, 1911) Frank Dunn Memorial Hospital (Vigan, llocos Sur, 1912)

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Hospitals and Schools of Nursing

San Juan de Dios Hospital School of Nursing (Manila, 1913)
Founded through the initiative of Dr. Benito Valdez Run by the Daughters of Charity Sister Taciana Trinanes 1st directress of the school

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Hospitals and Schools of Nursing

Emmanuel Hospital School of Nursing (Capiz, 1913)
Founded by the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society through Dr. P.H.J. Lerrigo School offered 3-year training course Miss Ciara Pedrosa 1st Filipino principal

Southern Islands Hospital School of Nursing (Cebu, 1918)

Established under the Bureau of Health Anastacia Giron-Tupas organizer; Miss Visitacion Perez 1st principal

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Hospitals and Schools of Nursing

Zamboanga General Hospital School of Nursing (1921) Chinese General Hospital School of Nursing (1921) Baguio General Hospital School of Nursing (1923) Manila Sanitarium and Hospital School of Nursing (1930) St. Pauls School of Nursing in iloilo City (1946) North General Hospital and School of Nursing (1946) Siliman University School of Nursing (1947)

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FIRST COLLEGES OF NURSING

University of Sto. Tomas College of Nursing (1946) Manila Central University College of Nursing (1947) University of the Philippines College of Nursing (1948)

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NURSING LEADERS
Anastacia Giron-Tupas 1st Filipino to hold the position of Chief Nurse Superintendent
Founder of the Philippine Nurses Association

Cesaria Tan 1st Filipino to receive a Masters degree in Nursing abroad Socorro Sirilan pioneered in Hospital Social Service in San Lazaro Hospital where she was chief nurse

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NURSING LEADERS
Rosa Militar a pioneer in school health education Sor Ricarda Mendoza a pioneer in nursing education Soccoro Diaz 1st editor of the PNA magazine The Message Conchita Reyes 1st full-time editor of the newly named PNA magazine The Filipino Nurse Loreto Tupaz Dean of the Philippine Nursing; Florence Nightingale of Iloilo

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NURSING ORGANIZATIONS
Philippine Nurses Association National League of Nurses Catholic Nurses Guild of the Philippines Others:
ORNAP MCNAP RENAP CCNAPI, etc.