Fourth Fundamental Circuit Element: Memristor

Ashish Kumar Roll No. PhD12110202 Discipline of Electrical Engineering

Outline
Fundament circuit element Fourth element : memristor Memristor Memristor model Implementation technique Fabrication process Logic based on memristor Capabilities of memristor Conclusion

Fundamental Circuit Element

Voltage, V Resistor: Current, A

V
Capacitor:

i
Inductor:

Memristor: Charge

dq M d

Flux

Chua, L. O. Memristor -the missing circuit element IEEE Trans. Circuit Theory CT Vol.18 Issue 5, pp.507519 1971.

Fourth element: Memristor

Existence of memristor predict by Prof. Leon Chua based on primarily symmetry . Two terminal passive Device. Memristor = Memory + Resistor Memristor is non linear resistor & non-volatile memory
v R(w, i) i

Where w is state variable.

Symbol of Memristor

Chua, L. O. Memristor -the missing circuit element IEEE Trans. Circuit Theory CT Vol.18 Issue 5, pp.507519 1971.

Memristor Model
Consider a thin semiconductor film of thickness D sandwiched between two metal contacts. Doped region has low resistance (Ron) and reminder has high resistance ROFF
1. Dmitri B. Strukov, Gregory S. Snider, Duncan R. Stewart & R. Stanley Williams The missing Memristor found Nature Letter Vol. 453 pp. 80-83 May2008.

Memristor Model (Cont.)

d dq d / dt M dq dt
Where M is function of charge or flux. Current Controlled Memristance [1]

M q ROFF (1 v RON q(t ) / D )

2

Flux Controlled Memductance [2]

2

M Roff [(1 W0 / D) (t ) / D ]

1/ 2

1.

2.

Dmitri B. Strukov, Gregory S. Snider, Duncan R. Stewart & R. Stanley Williams The missing Memristor found Nature Letter Vol. 453 pp. 80-83 May2008. Yenpo Ho, Garng M. Huang, Peng Li Nonvolatile Memristor Memory: Device Characteristics and Design Implications IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design Digest of Technical Papers pp. 485 2009.

Analogous Understanding of Memristance

A common analogy for a resistor is a pipe that carries water. The water itself is analogous to electrical charge. The pressure at the input of the pipe is similar to voltage. The rate of flow of the water through the pipe is like electrical current. If the current is turned off, the pipes diameter stays the same until, it is switched on again-It remembers what current has flowed through it.
http://www.hpl.hp.com/news/2008/apr-jun/memristor_faq.html

Implementation Techniques For Memristor

Titanium dioxide memristors Polymeric (ionic) memristors Manganite memristors Resonant - tunnelling memristors Spintronic memristors ZnO-based memristor

Fabrication Process Flow

Starting with the Silicon wafer as base substrate. Deposition of bottom electrode. TiO2 deposition + Annealing in presence of O2. Top electrode deposition similar to bottom electrode.

Memristors I-V Curve

Drift Motion of Oxygen vacancies, which are positively charged carriers Memristive switching curves. Arrows indicate the sweeping direction of applied voltage
Dmitri B. Strukov, Gregory S. Snider, Duncan R. Stewart & R. Stanley Williams The missing Memristor found Nature Letter Vol. 453 pp. 80-83 May2008.

Fabrication Technique for Memristor

T. Prodromakis, K. Michelakis and C. Toumazou Practical micro/nano fabrication implementations of memristive devices 12th International Workshop on Cellular Nanoscale Networks and their Applications (CNNA) pp. 1-4, Feb. 2010 .

Memristor Crossbar Latches

Reversible and nonvolatile switching of nanoscale TiO2 -x devices. An AFM image of 1 17 nano-cross point devices with 50 nm half-pitch Pt nano wires fabricated by nano imprint lithography.

Pt 50 nm half-pitch Tio2 Pt

50

Sandwich a 50-nm-thick TiO2 insulating thin film between Pt wires.

http://www.hpl.hp.com/news/2008/apr-jun/engineering_memristor.html

Logic Based On Memristor

Imply Logic implemented by material implication Boolean logic operation on two variables p and q such that p q using memristors. P P Q For understanding: All crow are black. T T T Take P- crow and Q-black T F F
F F T F T T

Julien Borghetti, Gregory S. Snider, Philip J. Kuekes, J. Joshua Yang, Duncan R. Stewart & R. Stanley Williams Memristive switches enable stateful logic operations via material implication Nature Letter Vol. 464 no. 8 pp. 873-876 2010.

Logic Based On Memristor (Cont.)

Consider memristor operate in one quadrant Ron< RG< Roff VCOND<VSET

Julien Borghetti, Gregory S. Snider, Philip J. Kuekes, J. Joshua Yang, Duncan R. Stewart & R. Stanley Williams Memristive switches enable stateful logic operations via material implication Nature Letter Vol. 464 no. 8 pp. 873876 2010.

Capabilities of the Memristor

Memristor based memory capable to have high density approx. 154-309 Gbit/cm2 and more. Complex self learning neural networks and hybrid transistor/memristor circuit. Memristor logic circuits on par with CPUs and other transistor circuits. Advanced artificial thinking brains.

Conclusion

Able to extend Moores law. Memristor- potential candidate for non-linear electronics.

Acknowledgement

Prof. Maryam S. Baghini, Centre of Excellence in Nanoelectronics, IIT-Bombay.