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What is ADC ?
What is ADC ?
What is ADC ?
Definition
Most signals we want to process are analog i.e.: they are continuous and can take an inifinity of values
What is ADC ?
x(t)
Definition
Digital systems require discrete digital data ADC converts an analog information into a digital information
What is ADC ?
Analog
Digital
Digital System
Examples of use
Voltmeter
What is ADC ?
7.77 V
Wave
Voice
Conversion process
3 steps: Sampling Quantification Coding
These operations are all performed in a same element: the A to D Converter
What is ADC ?
What is ADC ?
x(t)
xs(t=k*Ts)
Ts
Nyquist-Shannon theorem:
sampling process is performed by measuring the continuous signal's value every T units of time (or space), which is called the sampling interval. Sampling results in a sequence of numbers, called samples, to represent the original signal. Each sample value is associated with the instant in time when it was measured. The reciprocal of the sampling interval (1/T) is the sampling frequency denoted fs, which is measured in samples per unit of time. If T is expressed in seconds, then fs is expressed in hertz.
What is ADC ?
What is ADC ?
Vr
Ts
What is ADC ?
xq(t)
N-1 N-2
Q
2 1 0
Vr
Ts
Accuracy
What is ADC ?
The accuracy of an ADC can be improved by increasing: The sampling rate (Ts) The resolution (Q)
Accuracy
xq(t) Q
What is ADC ?
t Ts
Higher Resolution
Ts
Sampling rate
What is ADC ?
fs>2*fmax
Nyquist-Shannon theorem: Minimum sampling rate should be at least twice the highest data frequency of the analog signal
Sampling rate
Analog signals are composed of an infinity of harmonics
What is ADC ?
Need to limit the frequency band to its useful part Use of an analog filter
Analog Filter
Analog
Analog
ADC
Digital
In practice: fs (35)*ffilter
Example
8 bits converter: n=8 Range of conversion: Vr=5V
What is ADC ?
0 Analog
0 Digital