11 Review of IP Addressing and Routing

Click to edit Master subtitle Khan By Muhammad Asghar style

Reference: CCENT/CCNA ICND1 Official Exam Certification Guide By Wendell Odom

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Agenda

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IP Addressing

IP Address Classes vs Private Addressing Version 6

Public IP

IP

Routing

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IP Addressing
It

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is also called logical or network layer addressing address consists of a 32-bit number and can be represented in decimal or binary notation
Decimal: 192.168.0.1 11000000 . 10101000 . 00000000 .

IP

Binary: 00000001
The Set
33

range in each decimal number is b/w 0 and 255 of consecutive addresses grouped together is called an IP Networks using the IP address is called an IP
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Device

IP Addressing
IP

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address has two main parts:

Part: Identifies the number of networks

Network Host

Part: Identifies the number of hosts in a particular network

Network Portion (192.168. 0)

Size

IP Address (192.16 8.0.1) Host Portion (1)

44

of the network and host part is determined by the class or group of an IP address
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IP Addressing
IP

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Address Classes
defines five different network classes
Unicast Addresses: Class A, Class B, Class C Addresses: Class D Addresses: Class E

IP

Multicast

Experimental

Unicast
These Class

Addresses (Class A, B & C)

addresses identifies a single device on the network A

In class A the first octet range is from 1 to 126 i.e

1.0.0.0 --------- 126.0.0.0 55 www.asghars.blogspot.com 11/19/12

IP Addressing

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The network part is 1 byte while the remaining 3 bytes represent the host with in the class A network

NNNNNNNN . HHHHHHHH . HHHHHHHH . HHHHHHHH

Note; the first octet starts with 1 instead of 0, because originally 0.0.0.0 was reserved as broadcast address, but not used now a days

Class

In class B the first octet range is from 128 to 191 i.e

128.1.0.0 --------- 191.254.0.0

Here, both the network and host parts are 2 bytes each

NNNNNNNN . NNNNNNNN . HHHHHHHH . HHHHHHHH

Note; the first octet starts with 128 instead of 127, because 127.0.0.0 is used as loopback addresses www.asghars.blogspot.com 11/19/12

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IP Addressing
Class

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In class C the first octet range is from 192 to 223 i.e

192.0.1.0 --------- 223.255.254.0

The network part is 3 bytes long while the 1 byte represent the host part

NNNNNNNN . NNNNNNNN . NNNNNNNN . HHHHHHHH

Class C is the mostly used group of addresses

Multicast
These Class

Address (Class D)

address identifies a subset of devices on the network D

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In class D the first octet range is from 224 to 239 i.e

77 224.0.0.0 -------- 239.255.255.255 www.asghars.blogspot.com

IP Addressing
Experimental
Experimental Class

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Addresses (Class E)

addresses are reserved for research and experimental purpose E

In class E the first octet range is from 240 to 254 i.e

240.0.0.0 --------- 254.255.255.255

Public
The

vs Private Addressing

ICANN and its member organizations manage the process of assigning IP network numbers, or even smaller ranges of IP addresses, to companies that want to connect to the Internet
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IP Addressing
Public While

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addresses are the addresses that are usable on the Internet and internal networks addresses that are used on internal or private networks are called private IP addresses addresses does not need to be register with ICANN addresses are not routable on the Internet are the ranges for private addresses :
A: 10.16.0.0 --- 10.255.255.255 B: 172.16.0.0 --- 172.31.255.255 C: 192.168.0.0 --- 192.168.255.255
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Private Private

Following
Class Class Class

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IP Addressing
The

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NAT enabled router is used to access the Internet with private addresses

IP

Version 6
defines many improvements over IPv4

IPv6 The

primary goal of IPv6 is to significantly increase the number of available IP addresses uses a 128-bit IP address 128-bit address structure provides well over 1038 possible IP addresses IP Version 5 was defined for experimental reasons but was never deployed
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IPv6 A

Note,

1010

IP Addressing
Many

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large service providers have migrated to IPv6 to support the large number of mobile devices that can connect to the Internet, and the U.S. government has mandated migration to IPv6 for its member agencies 128-bit IPv6 address is written in hexadecimal notation, with colons between each quartet of symbols also allows for abbreviations, as is shown in Table

The

IPv6

1111

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IP Routing
IP

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routing presumes the structure of IP subnetting, in which ranges of consecutive IP addresses reside in a single subnet routers routing table use the subnet numbers & corresponding subnet masks for routing subnet number & subnet mask router find the range of consecutive IP addresses in the subnet

The

Using

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