Fire & Life Safety Fundamentals

Functional Specialist Group

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Course Outline

At the end of this course youll be able to understand basic fire safety and prevention .

Fire Hazards Awareness Classification of Fire Different Types of Fire Suppressions Basic Fire Fighting Fire Detection Prevention/Fire Safety Emergency Action Plan
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Fire Hazards Awareness

What is A Fire?
the process of combustion of inflammable materials producing heat and light and (often) smoke; "fire was one of our ancestors' first discoveries. Fire occurs anytime when these four elements are present: Fuel any combustible material solid, liquid or gas

Oxygen -The air we breathe is about 21 percent oxygen. fire only needs an atmosphere with at least 16 percent oxygen.
Heat - Heat is the energy necessary to increase the temperature of the fuel to a point where sufficient vapors are given off for ignition to occur. Chemical Reaction - means the burning process that takes place in order for fire to burn continuously.
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Fire Hazards Awareness

Fuel, Oxygen, Heat & Chemical Reaction are collectively known as Fire Tetrahedron or also known as the Four Aces of Fire. Take any one of these elements and fire cannot occur

The Fire Triangle

The Fire Tetrahedron (new term)

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Classes of Fire
energized electrical equipment Electrical Cables

wood cloth paper rubber many plastics gasoline oil grease tar oil-based paint lacquer flammable gases
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magnesium sodium potassium titanium zirconium other flammable metals

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Classes of Fire

CLASS K FIRES Recently recognized by NFPA 10. Fires involving combustible vegetable or animal nonsaturated cooking fats in commercial cooking equipment.

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Fire Suppression
CARRYING HANDLE PRESSURE GAUGE (not found on CO2 extinguishers)

Fire Extinguishers Anatomy

DISCHARGE LEVER DISCHARGE LOCKING PIN AND SEAL

DISCHARGE HOSE

DATA PLATE

DISCHARGE NOZZLE DISCHARGE ORIFICE

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Fire Extinguisher Ratings

FIRE CLASS
A Trash Wood Paper

NUMERAL
DIRECT INDEX OF THE SIZE FIRE THE QUANTITY OF AGENT CAN HANDLE

RANGE
1-A thru 40-A

INDICATION OF THE SQUARE FOOT AREA OF FLAMMABLE LIQUID THE EXTINGUISHER WILL HANDLE

Liquids

Grease

1-B thru 640-B

NO NUMERAL IS USED BECAUSE THERE ARE NO DEGREES OF SAFETY WHERE ELECTRICITY IS CONCERNED NOT APPLICABLE BECAUSE OF THE SPECIALIZED NATURE OF THE BURNING MATERIAL

Electrical Equipment

N/A

COMBUSTIBLE

N/A

DIRECT INDEX OF THE SIZE FIRE THE QUANTITY OF AGENT CAN HANDLE

K Cooking Media

1-A:C:K or 2-A:C:K

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Fire Extinguishers Applications

EFFECTIVE EXTINGUISHER TYPES EFFECTIVE EXTINGUISHER TYPES
PRESSURIZED WATER, MULTIPURPOSE DRY PRESSURIZED WATER, MULTIPURPOSE DRY CHEMICAL, Halotron I, FE 36, WET CHEMICAL CHEMICAL, LARGER SIZE HALON, WET CHEMICAL

FIRE CLASS FIRE CLASS

A A Trash Wood Paper Trash Wood Paper

B B

Liquids Liquids

Grease Grease

MULTIPURPOSE DRY CHEMICAL, CARBON DIOXIDE, MULTIPURPOSE DRY 36, Halotron CARBON DIOXIDE, FE CHEMICAL, I HALON

MULTIPURPOSE DRY CHEMICAL, CARBON DIOXIDE, MULTIPURPOSEWET CHEMICAL, Halotron I DIOXIDE, FE 36, DRY CHEMICAL, CARBON HALON, WET CHEMICAL
COMBUSTIBLE COMBUSTIBLE

D D
K Cooking Media K Cooking Media

COMBUSTIBLE METAL COMBUSTIBLE METAL

WET CHEMICAL WET CHEMICAL

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Fire Extinguisher Type

ABC Type
CLass

CO2 Type
Discharge Metres (Feet) Discharge Time

Model

ABC

Dry Chemical Powder 5 lbs. CO2 CO2 15 lbs. 20 -100Ibs

4 (15) 3 to 8 ft. 3 to 8 ft.

15.2 Seconds 8 to 21 Seconds 8 to 27 Seconds

BC

BC

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Fire Extinguisher Type

Dry Powder w Nitrogen Wet Chemical

Class BC D

Model FE 36 MET-L-X , LITH X Dry Powder

Weight Class 10 to 20 Ibs 30 Ibs

Discharge (feet) 9 to 16 ft. 6 to 8 ft

Discharge Time 8 to 18 sec.

R-102, Wet Chemical or potassium based liquid

1.5 Gallons (pressurized)

10 to 12 ft.

40 sec.

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Basic Fire Fighting

P......Pull the Pin.

A......Aim the extinguisher nozzle at the base of the flames. S......Squeeze trigger while holding the extinguisher upright. S......Sweep the extinguisher from side to side, covering thearea of the fire with the extinguishing agent.

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Fire Suppression
Temperature Classification Color Code (with Fusible Link) Sprinkler Head Glass Bulb Color

Sprinkler Classification
Maximum Ceiling Temperature Temperature RatingTable 6.2.5.1 NFPA13 2007 Edition

100F / 38C

135-170F / 57-77C

Ordinary

Uncolored or Black

Orange (135) or Red (155)

150F / 66C

175-225F / 79-107C

Intermediate

White

Yellow (175) or Green (200)

225F / 107C

250-300F / 121-149C

High

Blue

Blue

300F / 149C

325-375F / 163-191C

Extra High

Red

Purple

375F / 191C

400-475F / 204-246C

Very Extra High

Green

Black

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Prevention/Fire Safety

Class A Ordinary combustibles: Keep storage and working areas free of trash, place oily rags in covered containers. Class B Flammable liquids or gases: Don't refuel gasoline powered equipment in a confined space, especially in presence of an open flame such as a furnace or water heater.Keep flammable liquids stored in tightly closed containers. Use flammable liquids only in well-ventilated areas.
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Prevention/Fires Safety

Class C Electrical equipment: Look for old wiring, worn insulation and broken electrical fittings. Report any hazardous condition to your fire safety officer. Prevent ovens from overheating, avoid leaving the pantry area while the oven is turned on. Maintain your oven in good working order.
Note:
Don't misuse fuses. Never install a fuse rated higher than specified for the circuit. Investigate any appliance or electrical equipment that smells strange. Unusual odors can be the first sign of fire. Don't overload wall outlets. Two outlets should have no more than two plugs.

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Prevention/Fires Safety

Class K Fires - Kitchen Fires : Normally caused by the accumulated grease within the Kitchen Hood or burners. or due overheated cooking oils. Ensure that Hoods & cooking equipment are regularly cleaned, grease and used oils should be kept in sealed container and must be disposed properly.

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Emergency Action Plan

Have an Emergency action Plan in place within your work place. Conduct regular training and drills to simulate evacuation in your floor or work place and know your Assembly area. Keep record of your Fire safety equipment and maintain regularly IMPORTANT! NEVER use elevators during Fire evacuation. Unless otherwise advised or operated by qualified personnel. Check your electrical wirings, panel boards regularly. Ask a compliance certificate from the Building Admin that the Fire Alarm system & Suppression are tested regularly.

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Exit Stairway
Several stairways are designed into every multilevel building to serve as a means of quick evacuation to ground level. Some stairs are exterior, others are found inside of the building. Interior stairwells have special doors and ventilation features which help to keep smoke from entering the space.

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