(ACRYLIC )

These are salt of organic bases had free basic amino groups capable of reacting with acids Also known as cationic dyes In aqueous solution dye ionizes into coloured cations and colourless anions Basically insoluble Converted into their hydrochlorides, sulphates etc. to impart solubility Generally used to dye Acrylic, modacrylic, wool & silk Poor colour fastness properties with wool & silk and not used now

 Basic Dye is an Ionic Dyes with POSITIVE CHARGE (D+) GOOD WATER SOLUBILITY best below pH 7 Posses high colour value (TINCTORIAL VALUE) Almost UNLIMITED SHADE RANGE - Many dyestuff have F L U O R E S E N C E P R O P E RTIES - L i g h t f a s t n e s s on acrylics v a r i e s from POOR TO GOOD. On other fibers it can be VERY P O O R .

Washfastness is g e n e r a l l y GOOD - Chlorinefastness is POOR - High strike rate - Poor l e v e l i n g Combines with tannic acid to form INSOLUBLE COMPOUND Do not have affinity towards cotton
Requires mordanting with tannic acid

These are made specially to dye acrylic fibres Produces all round fastness

100 % Polyacrylonitrile is very difficult to dye No Dye accepting group. Glass transition temperature is very high. Highly compact structure.
So copolymer of colour attracting group are used to

dye Acrrylic fibre.

 Basic dye can be used depending upon the kind of dye sites introduced into the fibre during co-polymerisation Co-monomers with anionic group are used which will attract the cationic coloured radical of a basic dye molecule Ac = Acrylic fibre polymer SO3- = Negatively charged sulphonate group AcSO3- = Acrylic fibre polymer containing negatively charged sulphonate group which is the acidic group and also the dye site D+ = Dye cation

 AcSO3-

D+

AcSO3-+D

The colouring component of basic dyes is the cation

The dye cation is adsorbed on the fibre surface which is negatively charged The negative potential of the fibre is thus neutralised Diffusion of the dye from the surface to the fibre interior Ion exchange with the dye sites inside the fibre

 Acetic acid Acetic acid is used to dissolve the dye completely. Otherwise aggregates can be formed with aqueous solution Cationic retarder To prevent uneven dyeing of acrylic fibres with basic dye a cationic retarder is added to the dye liquor Cationic retarder competes with the cationic retarder Prevents the dye on rushing onto the fibres Ensures more level dye

 Dyebath preparation: The dye powder is usually pasted

with acetic acid (2-5gpl) and then mixed with boiling water. Preparation of a paste with methanol and addition of warm or hot water is sometimes a useful alternative. Some cationic dyes are not stable in boiling water. Many react with alkali to give colorless products.

Dyeing procedure: The dye solution is often prepared by pasting with acetic acid, and a stable pH of 4.5 to 5.5 can be obtained by addition of sodium acetate to buffer the solution.

 If dye additions are needed to give the correct shade, the bath temperature is first slowly reduced to below 80 C. Acrylic materials are quite thermoplastic. They easily form crack marks and creases and texturised acrylic filaments also readily lose their characteristic bulk. After dyeing is complete, the bath is slowly cooled to 5060 C to avoid these problems. Rapid cooling by addition of cold water to the dyebath can be disastrous as it causes immediate setting of creases in the goods. The material is finally rinsed, and possibly given a mild scour with a non-ionic detergent and a little acetic acid plus a softening agent.

Fastness
Basic dye on acrylic have an excellent light fastness
Have a very good wash fastness
Due

to very good affinity between the basic dye and the acrylic fibre and the hydrophobic nature of acrylic The wash fastness rating is around 4 - 5

 Why are basic dyes called so? State any four properties of basic / cationic dye. Explain how cellulose may be dyed with a basic dye using tannic acid Explain the mechanism of dyeing of acrylic fibres with cationic dyes