Psychoanalytic Model & EGO DEFENSE MECHANISMS

Presented by: REYMART B. BOLAGAO

PSYCHOANALYTIC MODEL by: Sigmund Freud

Psychoanalytic theory supports the notion that all human behavior is caused and can be explained (deterministic theory).

 Freud believed that repressed sexual impulses and desires motivate much human behavior. According to Freud there are personality components which are the Id, Ego, and Superego

Personality Components
Id Ego Superego

Id
The id is the source of instinctual drives, which are considered to be of two types constructive drive - primarily of sexual nature. which constitute the libido or basic energy of life, and destructive drives - which tend towards aggression, destruction, and eventual death.

Id
The id is completely selfish, condemned only with the immediate gratification of instinctual needs without reference to reality or moral considerations. Hence it is said to operate in terms of pleasure principle.

ID
Freud viewed id demands especially sexual and aggressive strivings as inherently in conflict with rules and prohibitions imposed by society.

EGO
While the id can generate mental images and wish-fulfilling fantasies, referred to as the primary process, it cannot undertake the action needed to meet instinctual demands.

EGO
Consequently a second key subsystem develops-the ego which mediates between the demands of the id and the realities of the external world.

EGO
The basic purpose of the ego is to meet id demands, but in such a way as to ensure the well-being and survival of the individual.

 EGO requires the use of reason and other intellectual resources in dealing with the external world, as well as the exercise of control over id demands. Such adaptive measures of the ego are referred to as the secondary process and the ego is said to operas in terms of the reality principle.

SUPEREGO
Since the id-ego relationship is merely one of expediency, Freud introduced a third key subsystemthe superego-which is the outgrowth of learning the taboos and moral values of society.

The superego is essentially what we refer to as conscience, and is concerned with right and wrong. As the superego develops, we find an additional inner control system coming into operation to cope with the uninhibited desires of the id. However, the superego also operates through the ego system and strives to compel the ego to inhibit desires that are considered wrong or immoral.

CONSCIOUS, PRECONSCIOUS, AND UNCONSCIOUS

CONSCIOUS- refers to the perceptions, thoughts, and emotions that exist in the persons awareness, such as being aware of happy feelings or thinking about a loved one

CONSCIOUS, PRECONSCIOUS, AND UNCONSCIOUS

PRECONSCIOUS- These are thoughts that currently not in the persons awareness, but he or she can recall them with some effort. EXAMPLE: An adult remembering what he did, thought, or felt as a child.

CONSCIOUS, PRECONSCIOUS, AND UNCONSCIOUS

UNCONSCIOUS- is the realm of thoughts and feelings that motivate a person even though he or she is totally unaware of them. The realm includes most of the defense mechanism and some other intrinsic motivations or drives.

some terms
Freudian Slip Freuds Dream Analysis Freuds Free Association

PSYCHOSEXUAL DEVELOPMENT

-oral -anal -phallic -oedipal

 Oral stage. During the first two years of life the mouth is the principal erogenous zone; the infants greatest source of gratification is assumed to be sucking. Anal stage. From age 2 to age 3. the membranes of the anal region presumably provide the major source of pleasurable stimulation. Phallic stage. From age 3 to age 5 or 6, selfmanipulation of the genitals provides the major source of pleasurable sensation.

 Latency stage. In the years from 6 to 13,, sexual motivations presumably recede in importance as the child becomes preoccupied with developing skills and other activities. Genital stage. After puberty the deepest feelings of pleasure presumably come from heterosexual relations.

Transference and Counter transference

 Transference
redirection of feelings and desires and especially of those unconsciously retained from childhood toward a new object (therapist)-the working through the transference would often be the entire focus of psychotherapy -Assumption that feelings generated toward the therapist would reflect the unresolved issues from childhood -applies to all patients

 Counter-transference
Transference in reverse-feelings the therapist has toward the patient that reflect unresolved issues from the therapist's childhood. applies to doctors dealing with patient too

DEFINITION OF DEFENCE MECHANISM

Consciously or unconsciously operating devices To keep conflictual issues out of consciousness of the individual to bring some protective measures Ego-defense mechanisms are learned, usually during early childhood and are considered to be maladaptive when they become the predominant means of coping with stressors.

FUNCTIONS OF DEFENCE MECHANISM

Protecting individuals from dangerous situation. To deal with inner hurt, pain, anger, anxiety, sadness and self-devaluation Removing anxiety and hurt Play an important role in normal adjustment mechanism

 Denial of reality. Protecting self from unpleasant reality by refusal to perceive or face it

 Rationalization is justifying maladaptive behavior by faulty logic or ascribing it to noble motives that did not in fact inspire it.

Rationalization has two major defensive values: it helps justify specific behaviors, and it aids in softening the disappointment connected with unattainable goals Typically, rationalization involves thinking up logical.

Projection
Projection is a defensive reaction by means of which others are seen as responsible for ones own shortcomings, mistakes, and misdeeds; and others are seen as responsible for ones unacceptable impulses, thoughts, and desires.

 Fantasy. Gratifying frustrated desires by imaginary achievements

Repression
Repression. Preventing painful or dangerous thoughts from entering consciousness

 Compensation. Covering up weakness by emphasizing desirable or making up for frustration in one area by over gratification in another

Introjection
Incorporating external values and standards into ego structure so individual is not at their mercy as external threats

Identification
Modeling actions and opinions of influential others while searching for identity, or aspiring to reach a personal, social, or occupational goal.

Reaction Formation
Reaction formation. Preventing dangerous desires from being expressed by exaggerating opposed attitudes and types of behavior and using them as barriers.

 Displacement. Discharging pent-up feelings, usually of hostility, on objects less dangerous than those which initially aroused the emotions.

Emotional Insulation
Emotional insulation. Reducing ego involvement and withdrawing into passivity to protect self from hurt

Intellectualization
(isolation) Cutting off affective charge from hurtful situations or separating incompatible attitudes by logic-tight compartments.

Undoing

Atoning for and thus counteracting immoral desires or acts.

Regression
Retreating to earlier developmental level involving less mature responses and usually a lower level of aspiration

Acting-out
Reducing the anxiety aroused by forbidden or dangerous desires by permitting their expression, young bride may return home to her mother &the first sign of trouble.

Substitution
Replacing the desired gratification with one that is more readily available

Resistance
Overt or covert antagonism toward remembering or processing anxiety-producing information

Sublimation
Substituting a socially acceptable activity for an impulse that is unacceptable

Dissociation
Dealing with emotional conflict by temporary alteration in consciousness or identity

Fixation
Immobilization of a portion of the personality resulting from unsuccessful completion of tasks in a developmental stage

 Ego defenses are not necessarily unhealthy as you can see by the examples above. In fact, 1. The lack of these defenses or the inability to use them effectively can often lead to problems in life. 2. Employ the defenses at the wrong time 3. Overuse defenses, which can be equally destructive.

THE END
CRITIQUES ARE BUNCH OF LEGLESS PEOPLE , WHO TEACHES YOU HOW TO WALK

Psychoanalytic Model & EGO DEFENSE MECHANISMS

Presented by: REYMART B. BOLAGAO