EE 445S Real-Time Digital Signal Processing Lab

Fall 2012

Introduction
Prof. Brian L. Evans Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas at Austin

Lecture 0

http://courses.utexas.edu/

Outline
Introduction

Communication systems
Single carrier transceiver Multicarrier transceivers Conclusion

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Introduction

Instructional Staff
Prof. Brian L. Evans
Conducts research in digital communication, digital image processing & embedded systems Past and current projects on next two slides Office hours: M 12:00-12:30pm, T 1:30-3:00pm and F 9:45-10:45am Extra office hours at a local caf F 12:00-2:00 pm

Teaching assistants
Ms. Debarati Kundu Mr. Andrew Mark Lab sections: M & T Lab sections: W & F Office hours: Office hours: TH 3:30-6:30pm TH 12:30-3:30pm

Introduction

Completed Research Projects

20 PhD and 9 MS alumni

System ADSL

Contribution equalization MIMO testbed

SW release Matlab LabVIEW

Prototype DSP/C LabVIEW/PXI

Companies Freescale, TI Oil&Gas

Wimax/LTE
Camera Display EDA tools

resource allocation
image acquisition image halftoning video halftoning fixed point conv.

LabVIEW
Matlab Matlab Matlab Matlab

DSP/C
DSP/C C C FPGA

Freescale, TI
Intel, Ricoh HP, Xerox Qualcomm Intel, NI

distributed comp.

Linux/C++
EDA LTE PXI

Navy sonar

Navy, NI

DSP Digital Signal Processor FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array MIMO Multi-Input Multi-Output

Electronic Design Automation Long-Term Evolution (cellular) PCI Extensions for Instrumentation

Introduction

Current Research Projects

6 PhD and 4 MS students

System

Contributions

SW release

Prototype

Companies

Powerline comm.
Wimax/ WiFi

Noise/interference mitigation; testbed

Interference mitigation Time-based ADC

LabVIEW LabVIEW/PXI
Matlab FPGA IBM 45nm chip Matlab Matlab Lake Travis testbed Android

Freescale, IBM, SRC, TI

Intel, NI

Underwater MIMO testbed; comm. Space-time meth. Cell phone camera reducing rolling shutter artifacts

Navy TI

EDA Tools

reliability patterns
EDA PXI

NI
Electronic Design Automation PCI Extensions for Instrumentation

ADC Analog-to-Digital Converter MIMO Multi-Input Multi-Output

Introduction

Overview
Objectives
Build intuition for signal processing concepts Explore design tradeoffs in signal quality vs. implementation complexity

Lecture: breadth (three hours/week)

Digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms Digital communication systems Digital signal processor (DSP) architectures

32-bit DSP in Laboratory: depth (three hours/week) home theater Translate signal processing concepts into real-time software Design/implement voiceband transceiver Test/validate implementation
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Introduction

Pre-Requisites and Co-Requisites

Pre-Requisites
EE 312 Introduction to Programming: C programming; arrays and circular buffers; and asymptotic analysis EE 313 Linear Systems and Signals OR BME 343 Biomedical Signal and System Analysis: convolution, transfer functions, frequency responses, filtering EE 319K Intro. to Embedded Systems: assembly and C languages, microprocessor organization, quantization

Co-Requisites
EE 351K Probability, Statistics & Random Processes OR BME 335 Engineering Probability and Statistics: Gaussian and uniform distributions, noise models, autocorrelation BME/EE 333T Eng. Communication: technical writing
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Introduction

Detailed Topics
Digital signal processing algorithms/applications
Signals, convolution and sampling (BME 343/EE 313) Transfer functions & freq. responses (BME 343/EE 313) Filter design & implementation, signal-to-noise ratio Quantization (EE 319K) and data conversion

Digital communication algorithms/applications

Analog modulation/demodulation (BME 343/EE 313) Digital modulation/demodulation, pulse shaping, pseudo noise Signal quality: matched filtering, bit error probability

Digital signal processor (DSP) architectures

Assembly language, interfacing, pipelining (EE 319K) Harvard architecture, addressing modes, real-time prog.
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Introduction

Required Textbooks
Software Receiver Design, Oct. 2011
Design of digital communication systems Convert algorithms into Rick Johnson Bill Sethares Andy Klein Matlab simulations (Cornell) (WPI) (Wisconsin)

Real-Time Digital Signal Processing from Matlab to C with TMS320C6x DSPs, Jan. 2012

U T

Thad Welch (Boise State)

Cameron Michael Wright Morrow 0-9 (Wyoming) (Wisconsin)

Introduction

Supplemental (Optional) Textbooks

J. H. McClellan, R. W. Schafer & M. A. Yoder, DSP First: A Multimedia Approach, 1998 Schafers
DSP theory and algorithms at sophomore level Demos: http://users.ece.gatech.edu/~dspfirst/
1975 book established DSP field

B. P. Lathi, Linear Systems & Signals, or M. J. Roberts, Signals and Systems

Textbook for pre-requisite signals & systems course

Steve Smith, The Scientist and Engineers Guide to Digital Signal Processing, 1997
Available free online: http://www.dspguide.com
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Introduction

Related BS ECE Technical Areas

Signal/image processing
EE445S Real-Time DSP Lab EE351M DSP (theory) EE371R Digital Image/ Video Processing EE379K Intro. to Data Mining

Communication/networking
EE445S Real-Time DSP Lab EE360K Digital Comm. EE471C Wireless Comm. Lab EE372N Telecom. Net.

Embedded Systems
EE345M Embedded and Real-Time Systems EE445S Real-Time DSP Lab EE360M Dig. Sys. Des. (FPGAs) EE460N Computer Architecture EE460R Intro to VLSI Design

Courses with highest workload?

Undergraduate students may take grad courses upon request

Introduction

Grading
Calculation of numeric grades
20% midterm #1 20% midterm #2 16% homework (drop lowest grade of nine) 5% pre-lab quizzes (drop lowest grade of six) 39% lab reports (drop lowest grade of seven)
Average GPA has been ~3.1 MyEdu.com No final exam

20% midterm exams

Focus on design tradeoffs in signal quality vs. complexity Based on in-lecture discussion and homework assignments Open books, open notes, open computer (but no networking) Dozens of old midterm exams in course reader Test dates on course descriptor
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Introduction

Grading
16% homework nine assignments
Strengthen theory and analysis Translate signal processing concepts into Matlab simulations Evaluate design tradeoffs in signal quality vs. complexity Discuss questions but submit your own independent solutions

5% pre-lab quizzes for lab assignments 2-7

10 questions on course Blackboard site taken individually

39% lab reports

Work individually on labs 1 and 7 Work in team of two on labs 2-6 and receive same base grade Attendance/participation in lab section required and graded
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Introduction

Maximizing Your Numeric Grade

Attend every lecture
Most important information not on slides [fall 2010 student]
Spring 2011 Lowest Lecture Zeros on Grades Absences homework 55.13 10 6

Complete every homework Submit only your own work

Individual work on all homework assignments, lab 1/7 reports and all pre-lab quizzes Lab team on lab 2-6 reports Cite sources for all other work

68.12
73.96 74.43 74.80 74.90

10
0 5 12 2

6
0 4 2 1

75.89

In May 2006, William Swanson, CEO of Raytheon was docked approximately US $1 million in pay by the company after it was revealed he had plagiarized 16 of the 33 rules in his popular 2004 book, Swanson's Unwritten Rules of Management.
[Sept. 8, 2006, issue of IEEE's The Institute electronic newsletter]
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Communication Systems

Communication System Structure

Information sources
Voice, music, images, video, and data (message signal m(t)) Have power concentrated near DC (called baseband signals)

Baseband processing in transmitter

Lowpass filter message signal (e.g. AM/FM radio) Digital: Add redundancy to message bit stream to aid receiver in detecting and possibly correcting bit errors
Baseband Processing Carrier Circuits
s(t)

m(t)

Transmission Medium
CHANNEL
r(t)

Carrier Circuits

Baseband Processing m(t )

TRANSMITTER

RECEIVER
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Communication Systems

Communication System Structure

Carrier circuits in transmitter
Upconvert baseband signal into transmission band F(w) S(w) F(w + w0) F(w - w0)
1 -w1 0 w1

-w0 - w1

Baseband signal

-w0

-w0 + w1

w0 - w1

Upconverted signal

w0

w0 + w1

Then apply bandpass filter to enforce transmission band

Baseband Processing Carrier Circuits
s(t)

m(t)

Transmission Medium
CHANNEL
r(t)

Carrier Circuits

Baseband Processing m(t )

TRANSMITTER

RECEIVER
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Communication Systems

Communication System Structure

Channel wired or wireless
Propagating signals spread and attenuate over distance Boosting improves signal strength and reduces noise

Receiver
Carrier circuits downconvert bandpass signal to baseband Baseband processing extracts/enhances message signal

m(t)

Baseband Processing

Carrier Circuits
s(t)

Transmission Medium
CHANNEL
r(t)

Carrier Circuits

Baseband Processing m(t )

TRANSMITTER

RECEIVER
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Single Carrier Transceivers

Single Carrier Transceiver Design

Design/implement transceiver
Design different algorithms for each subsystem Translate algorithms into real-time software Test implementations using signal generators & oscilloscopes
Laboratory 1 introduction 2 sinusoidal generation 3(a) finite impulse response filter 3(b) infinite impulse response filter Transceiver Subsystems block diagram of transmitter sinusoidal mod/demodulation pulse shaping, 90o phase shift transmit and receive filters, carrier detection, clock recovery 4 pseudo-noise generation training sequences 5 pulse amplitude mod/demodulation training during modem startup 6 quadrature amplitude mod (QAM) data transmission 0-18 7 digital audio effects not applicable

Single Carrier Transceivers

Lab 1: QAM Transmitter Demo

Lab 4 http://www.ece.utexas.edu/~bevans/courses/realtime/demonstration Rate Control

Reference design in LabVIEW

Lab 6 QAM Encoder

Lab 2 Bandpass Signal

Lab 3 Tx Filters

LabVIEW demo by Zukang Shen (UT Austin)

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Single Carrier Transceivers

Lab 1: QAM Transmitter Demo

LabVIEW control panel
Eye diagram
LabVIEW demo by Zukang Shen (UT Austin)

QAM baseband signal

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Single Carrier Transceivers

Lab 1: QAM Transmitter Demo

Square root raised cosine, roll-off = 0.75, SNR = Baseband signal for 1200 bps mode

Raised cosine, roll-off = 1, SNR = 30 dB

Baseband signal for 2400 bps mode

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Multicarrier Transceivers

Got Anything Faster?

Multicarrier modulation divides broadband (wideband) channel into narrowband subchannels
Uses Fourier series computed by fast Fourier transform (FFT) Standardized for ADSL (1995) & VDSL (2003) wired modems Standardized for IEEE 802.11a/g wireless LAN Standardized for IEEE 802.16d/e (Wimax) and cellular (3G/4G)
magnitude channel carrier subchannel frequency Each ADSL/VDSL subchannel is 4.3 kHz wide (about width of voiceband channel) and carries a QAM signal
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Conclusion
Objectives
Build intuition for signal processing concepts Translate signal processing concepts into real-time digital communications software
Plug into network of 1,300+ course alumni

Deliverables and takeaways

Tradeoffs of signal quality vs. implementation complexity Design/implement voiceband transceiver in real time Test/validate implementation

Role of technology

Matlab for algorithm development TI DSPs and Code Composer Studio for real-time prototyping LabVIEW for reference system design and simulation
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All software/hardware used lead in usage in their respective markets