DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS

By Purnachand Simhadri Department of ECE

What is communication?
Transmission of information from a source to

destination through a medium

Info source

Voice/Audio/Video

Coaxial Cable, Optical fiber, CH Wireless, etc.

Output transducer
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What is communication?
Transmission of information from a source to

destination through a medium

Info source

Voice/Audio/Video
Output transducer

Coaxial Cable, Optical fiber, CH Wireless, etc.

Every channel has its own characteristics in terms of BW, Noise and the form in which it carries the information.
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What is communication?
Transmission of information from a source to

destination through a medium

Info source CH Coaxial Cable

Output transducer
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in form of electrical signal

What is communication?
Transmission of information from a source to

destination through a medium

Info source CH Optical Fiber

in the form of light

Output transducer
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What is communication?
Transmission of information from a source to

destination through a medium

Info source CH Wireless

in the form of RF wave

Output transducer

Modulation
Info source

modulation

signal to a that is suitable for transmission over a given channel Output demod transducer
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Modulation is the process of converting information form CH

Analog Communication
Modulation process will be done using the

information signal, to be transmitted, in analog form.

Info source

Analog modulation

modulation depending on of information and type of the channel. Output

transducer
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Thus, Analog process is the type CH source

Analog demod

Digital Communication
Modulation process will be done using the

Info source

information signal, to be transmitted, in digital form.

Source to symbols

Source encoder

Channel encoder

Digital modulation

channel

CH

Output transducer

Symbols to source

Source decoder

Channel decoder

Digital demod

Digital Communication
Info source
Source to symbols

Source encoder

Channel encoder

Digital modulation

Sampling: Conversion of continuous time signal to discrete time signal. channel CH Quantization: Mapping samples to a finite no.of symbols

Output transducer

Symbols to source

Source decoder

Channel decoder

Digital demod

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Digital Communication
Info source
Source to symbols

Source encoder

Channel encoder

Digital modulation

Source Encoder: Converts the symbols into binary Sequence. The main aim of the source encoder is channel CH to minimize the no.of bits per symbol. In general this Process is called data compression
Output transducer Symbols to source

Source decoder

Channel decoder

Digital demod

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Digital Communication
Info source
Source to symbols

Source encoder

Channel encoder

Digital modulation

Binary Interface
channel

CH

Output transducer

Symbols to source

Source decoder

Channel decoder

Digital demod

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Digital Communication
Info source
Source to symbols

Source encoder

Channel encoder

Digital modulation

transducer

Channel Encoder: Adds some redundancy bits to input sequence so that any errors occurred during transmission CH can be corrected/detected at receiving end. It has to Source Digital Output Symbols Minimize the no.of redundancyChannel bits.
to source

decoder

decoder

demod

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Digital Communication
Info source
Source to symbols

Source encoder

Channel encoder

Digital modulation

0 00 1 11, knowing that channel makes only one bit errors. CH Channel decoder will receive 01 or 10 or 00 or 11 00 or 11 => no error 01 or 10 => error can be detected but cant be Source Channel Digital Output Symbols corrected to source transducer decoder decoder demod
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Digital Communication
Info source
Source to symbols

Source encoder

Channel encoder

Digital modulation

0 000 1 111, knowing that channel makes only one bit errors. Channel decoder will receive 001/010/100/000/110/101/ CH 011/111. 000 or 111 => no error Otherwise => error can be detected and corrected
Output transducer Symbols to source

Source decoder

Channel decoder

Digital demod

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Digital Communication
Info source
Source to symbols

Source encoder

Channel encoder

Digital modulation

Digital Modulation: is the process of converting output of channel encoder to a form that is suitable for CH transmission over a given channel. Eg: Bit sequence will be embedded on to a RF Source Output Symbols wave for the transmission overChannel a wirelessDigital channel transducer to source
decoder decoder demod
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Conclusions
Analog modulation process is depending on type

of the information source and type of the channel In digital communication all information signals are converted into binary sequence by means of sampling, quantization and source coding. Digital modulation process is independent of type of information source and only depending on the channel used. In digital communication systems errors can be detected and some times can be corrected by means of channel encoding process.
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