Konsep

Dimensi dan Satuan

(Dimensions & Units)
Dr. Ir. Iwan Taruna, M.Eng

taruna2012
Kuliah Teknologi Pengolahan 2
All engineering:
deals with definite & measured quantities
Measurement:
to compare the unknown with the known
The record of a measurement consists of 3 parts:
1. the dimension of the quantity
2. the unit which represents a known (standard quantity)
3. number which is the ratio of the measured quantity to
the standard quantity.
Contoh:
Tanaman padi tingginya 32,5 cm:
Dimensi = panjang
Satuan = centi meter
Nilai 32,5 cm merupakan rasio tinggi padi dengan standar
satuan panjang 1 cm
DISCUSSION
Dapatkah kita merancang satuan
pengukuran sendiri?
Jika YA sebutkan syarat-syarat yg
harus dipenuhi?
Berikan contoh beberapa satuan
pengukuran yang umum digunakan
masyarakat tapi cenderung tidak
patuh kaidah sistem British maupun
SI!
ASSIGNMENT 1
Buat sebuah satuan pengukuran bahan
sesuai rencana kelompok!
Buat rincian dimensi yang diukur, nama
satuan yang digunakan!
Berikan deskripsi satuan yang digunakan
Berikan contoh pengukurannya!
Dimensions
Dimensions are represented as symbols by:
length [L] panjang
mass [M] massa
time [t] waktu
temperature [T] suhu
force [F] gaya

All engineering quantities can be expressed in terms
of these fundamental
Length = [L],
Area = [L]
2
,
Volume = [L]
3
Dimensi turunan
Length
Mass
Time
Force
Temperature
Velocity = length traveled per unit time
=[L / t]

Acceleration = rate of change of velocity
= [(L/t) x (1/t)] = [L / t
2
]

Pressure = force per unit area
=[F / L
2
]

Density = mass per unit volume
= [M / L
3
]

Energy = force times length
= [F x L]

Power = energy per unit time
= [F x L] / t
Dimensional Consistency
All physical equations must be dimensionally consistent
Dimensions can be handled algebraically and thus they
can be divided, multiplied, or cancelled
Contoh:
In the equation of motion of a particle traveling at a
uniform velocity for a time t, the distance traveled
is given by L = vt. Verify the dimensions of velocity.
1
= = = t L
t
L
v t v L . .
the dimensions of velocity must be [L][t]
-1

Units (Satuan)
Dimensions are measured in terms of units
The units have been defined in terms of physical quantities.
the meter (m) is defined in terms of the wavelength of light;
the standard kilogram (kg) is the mass of a standard lump of
platinum-iridium;
the second (s) is the time taken for light of a given wavelength
to vibrate a given number of times;
the degree Celsius (C) is a one-hundredth part of the
temperature interval between the freezing point and the
boiling point of water at standard pressure;
the unit of force, the Newton (N), is that force which will give
an acceleration of 1 m sec
-2
to a mass of 1kg;
the energy unit, the Newton meter is called the joule (J), and
the power unit, 1 J s
-1
, is called the watt (W).

SI units: Mass
The kilogram is the SI base unit of
mass and is equal to the mass of
the international prototype of the
kilogram, a platinum-iridium
standard that is kept at the
International Bureau of Weights
and Measures (BIPM).


The primary standard of mass for
this country is United States
Prototype Kilogram 20, which is a
platinum-iridium cylinder kept at
NIST.
Unit Consistency and Unit Conversion
Unit consistency implies that the units employed for
the dimensions should be chosen from a consistent
group
In this lecture we are using the SI system of units
Very often, quantities are specified or measured in
mixed units.
Contoh:
If a liquid has been flowing at 3,5 l/min for 11,5
hours all the times have to be put into one unit
only of minutes, hours or seconds before we can
calculate
The SI system of units
(satuan sistem SI)
Quantity Unit
(satuan)
Symbol
Mass kilograms kg
Length meter m
Time second s
Mole mole mol
Temperature Kelvin K
Electric current ampere A
Light intensity candela cd
The SI system is an internationally agreed system of
units based on seven base units.
Some derived units
in the SI system
Quantity Unit Symbol
Volume Cubic meter m
3

Force Newton = kg m s
-2
N
Pressure Pascal = N m
-2
Pa
Work, Energy Joule = N m J
Power Watt = J s
-1
W
Molar concentration Molar = mol dm
-3
or mol L
-1
M
Multipliers for SI unit
Large quantities Small Quantities
Prefix Symbol multiplier Prefix Symbol multiplier
deca D 10 deci d 10
-1

hecta h 100 centi c 10
-2

kilo k 10
3
milli m 10
-3

Mega M 10
6
micro

10
-6

Giga G 10
9
nano n 10
-9

Tera T 10
12
pico p 10
-12

Exa E 10
15
femto f 10
-15


Unit Conversion
Conversion of 10 grams to pounds

1 Ib = 0.4536 kg and 1000 g = 1 kg so (1
lb/0.4536 kg) = 1 and (1 kg/1000 g) = 1.
Therefore,
lb x
kg
lb
g
kg
g g
2
10 2 2
4536 0
1
1000
1
10 10

=
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
= ,
,
conversion factor
Dimensionless Ratios
The dimensionless ratios are often used in process engineering
Contoh:
The specific gravity is a simple way to express the relative
masses or weights of equal volumes of various materials
The specific gravity (SG) is defined as the ratio of the weight
of a volume of the substance to the weight of an equal
volume of water.
w
w
SG SG

= = .
Dimensionally,
1
3
3
= =
L
F
L
F
SG
Precision of Measurement
Every measurement necessarily carries a degree of precision
The statement of quantity should imply the tolerance
Weight of 8.1 kg should mean that the weight lies between
8.05 and 8.149 kg better to express the limits explicitly
as 8.1 0.05 kg.
The temptation to refine measurements by the use of
arithmetic must be resisted
Multiplication of quantities in fact multiplies errors !!!
Surface of a rectangular box is measured as 4.18 m x 2.22
m and its depth estimated at 3 m obviously unjustified
to calculate its volume as 27.8388 m
3
as what arithmetic or
an electronic calculator will give A more reasonable
answer would be 28 m
3
Contoh
The thermal conductivity (k) of aluminum is
given as 120 BTU ft
-1
h
-1
F
-1
. Calculate this
thermal conductivity in J m
-1
s
-1
C
-1
.
1 BTU = 1055 J
0.3048 m = 1 ft
F = (5/9) C.
( )
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
=

C
F
x
s
h
x
m
ft
x
BTU
J
x F h ft BTU k
o
o
o
9 5
1
3600
1
3048 0
1
1
1055
120
1 1 1
/
,
. . .
-1 -1 -1
C s m J k
o
. . . 208 =
Tugas 1
1. Konversikan nilai berikut ke satuan SI yang setara (30 poin) :
6,7 hp-cal/mm
3
-lb
f
-/F
23 g-min/cal-cm
4
-BTU
2. Jika viskositas minyak zaitun 5.6 x 10
-2
Ib ft
-1
sec
-1
, tentukan
nilai viskositas dalam satuan SI (30 poin)
3. Bilangan Reynolds untuk aliran fluida dalam pipa adalah sbb:
Re = D.v./
dimana D diameter pipa, v kecepatan aliran fluida,
densitas fluida dan viskositas fluida. Dengan menggunakan
5 dimensi dasar [M], [L], [T], [F] and [t], buktikan bahwa
Bilangan R adalah besaran non dimensi (40 poin)
taruna2012
Agricultural Engineering
University of Jember