HOW TO TEACH GRAMMAR FROM RULES

Ernie Mastika Aimi Syafiqah Ghazali 2010414942 Nurul Izyani Ahmad Rooszy 2010432082 Muhammad Arddri Ghazali

A Deductive Approach
Rule-driven learning Presentation of rule and followed by examples in which rule is applied Closely associated to Grammar-

Translation

Advantages:
1. Straight to the point, time saving 2. It respects the intelligence and maturity of many 3. It meets the need of students especially

those with the analytical learning style.

Rules and Explanations

Pros and cons of RDF depends on the actual rule explanation Descriptive rule VS Pedagogic rule

What makes a rule a good rule?

Truth
MUST bear some resemblance to the reality it is describing

Limitation
Show the limits on the use of a given form

Clarity Clear and NO ambiguity

Familiar and Relevance

Using a rule explanation to teach question formation

LESSON 1

The president phoned the Queen Identify verb, object and subject Reminds English word order SVO Someone phoned the Queen The president phoned someone Who phoned the Queen? Who did the president phone?
Search for the difference between Q1 and Q2

Teacher explains the difference:

S Someone V phoned O the Queen

Who

phoned

the Queen

RULE: Questions about parts of the sentence after the verb require a change in word order
S The President The President O Who V did did phone V phoned did phone S the president O someone someone V phone

*The verb is changed to did (auxiliary) + verb (root form)

To ensure understanding, the teacher gives other examples of subjects and objects. The students are required to form questions using the subject and object questions
Siti Nurhaliza The Prime Minister Mawi Ustaz Don Danial

Who phoned you yesterday/this morning/last weekend Who did you phone yesterday/this morning/last weekend

Lesson 2: Teaching used to using translation

Step 1- Teacher writes on the board:
Semasa saya masih kecil, saya selalu bermain dengan anak patung saya.

When I was young, I used to play with my doll.

Step 2- Teacher writes a present tense sentence Fatimah selalu bermain dengan anak patungnya. Fatimah uses to play with her doll. Fatimah usually plays with her doll.

Step 3- Teacher provides a model to the students I used to ski when I was young, but I stopped because it was too expensive. I used to _______ when I was ______ , but I stopped because_________.

SAMPLE LESSON 3 : TEACHING ARTICLES USING GRAMMAR WORKSHEETS Rough idea : to centre the teaching learning process more on the Ss. dividing the class into groups giving each group a diff set of rules relating to article use. STEP 1 : The T divides the class into 3 groups hands out an exercise sheet which requires Ss to COMPLETE THE GAPS in a text. each gap represents a use of either THE INDEFINITE article (a,an), the DEFINITE article (the), and ZERO article, when no article is required. T gives 5 min to work on the exercise. T hands out 3 GRAMMAR SUMMARIES : A, B, C. ** T asks Ss to study their grammar summary + to use it to help them complete the exercise, working as a group.

STEP 2 : Once the Ss have had a chance to use the grammar summaries to help them do the exercise, the T RE-GROUPS them in such a way that the new groups comprise members of each of the original groups. Then, Ss are instructed to compare their answers to the exercise, and to share any information from their grammar summaries that might help their group members, Ss need to explain their grammar information.

STEP 3 : T checks the exercise in open class, asking learners to justify the answers by reference to the rules on their worksheets.

SAMPLE LESSON 4 : TEACHING WORD ORDER USING A SELF STUDY GRAMMAR

Rough idea : To access Ss to self-study grammar grammar reference books include exercises and a key. t exploits the self- and peer- instruction potential of grammar practice books to target a feature of syntax.

STEP 1 : T identified a common problem in the class the tendency to put adverbials between Subject and Object, as in Hajwa likes very much Najwa Latiffs music. The T tells them to study the grammar rules FOR HOMEWORK, to do the exercise on the facing page, and to check it by REFERENCE to the answers in the back of the book. T asks to design their own exercise some of which are correct and some of which are incorrect. Eg: Azzyati Latiff and Lapipah walk everyday to class. Samsiah doesnt like KL food very much.

STEP 2 : In the next lesson, the T puts the Ss in pairs, and they each exchange the exercise they have prepared. Each does the exercise they have been given they read and decide which are grammatically correct. They then return them to their partner for checking. T is available for consultation and will attempt to resolve any problem that arise.

STEP 3 : The T then rounds off this part of the lesson by eliciting the word order rules from the class.

Thank you classmates.. Any question ?