Presented by Sarin Dominic MSc.

Applied Psychology

A philosophical approach No defined techniques Rejects deterministic view of human nature A process of searching for value and meaning of life

Soren Kierkegaard (1813 1855) Friedrich Nietzsche (1844 1900) Martin Heidegger (1889 1976) Jean Paul Sartre (1905 1980) Martin Buber (1878 1965) Ludwig Biswanger (1881 1966) Medard Boss (1903 1991)

Victor Frankl (1905 1997)

Born in Vienna on March 26, 1905. 1930 - earned doctorate in medicine 1944 oct.19 to 1945 april 25 Nazi prisoner
1997 September 2 - Dies of heart disease in Vienna

Theoretical concepts
Conscience The existential vacuum Noodynamics Search for meaning Transcendence/Supra meaning

Psychotherapeutic method Logotherapy Works

Mans Search for Meaning: An Introduction to Logotherapy The Unconscious God: Psychotherapy and Theology, 1975 Recollections: An Autobiography, Memoir: 1997 Mans Search for Ultimate Meaning, Text, 1997

James F. T. Bugental[] ( 1915 2008)

Born in Fort Wayne, Indiana, on Christmas Day in 1915 Earned his doctorate in 1948 from Ohio State University Cofounded the Journal of Humanistic Psychology (JHP) and the Association for Humanistic Psychology in 1961. Died on September 18, 2008 Summarized the postulates of Humanistic Psychology, often quoted by other theorists into following concepts
Non-reductability Uniquely human context. Awareness of oneself in the context of others Choices and responsibilities. Intentionality

Publications
"The Search for Authenticity" (1965) "The Search for Existential Identity" (1976) "Psychotherapy and Process" (1978)

Rollo May (1909 1994)

Born on April 21, 1909, in Ada, Ohio Received PhD in clinical psychology in 1949 Died in October of 1994. Theoretical concepts
Destiny Courage Stages Innocence, Rebellion, Ordinary, Creative Diamonic Myths

Works
The Meaning of Anxiety (1950). Mans Search for Himself (1953), Psychology and the Human Dilemma (1967) The Discovery of Being (1983). Love and Will (1969) The Cry for Myth (1991).

Irvin D. Yalom
Was born June 13, 1931 in Washington DC Doctor of Medicine from Boston University School of Medicine in 1956 In 2000, APA awarded him the Oskar Pfister Award Theoretical concepts
Four ultimate concerns :
Freedom, Death Existential isolation Meaninglessness

Works Novels
(1996) Lying on the Couch (2005) The Schopenhauer Cure (2012) The Spinoza Problem

Nonfiction
(1974) Every Day Gets a Little Closer (1980) Existential Psychotherapy (1999) Momma and the Meaning of Life (2008) Staring at the Sun: Overcoming the Terror of

 Root of all human capacities Ability to reflect and make choices Can be expanded or restricted

Greater the awareness greater the freedom To be aware of Finiteness, throwness, loneliness, meaninglessness, guilt, isolation, commitment, creativity, relatedness and living

Capacity of self awareness

Dawning awareness in counseling:

Trading security of dependence for anxieties Anchoring of identity Being prisoner to decisions Realization of preoccupations with past and future as well as death and suffering

 We are our choices - Sarte

Humans are free to chose among

alternatives Constant confrontation of choice of what kind of person we are becoming Commitment and existential guilt

Freedom and Responsibility

Authentic and inauthentic mode of existence Assuming responsibility is basic condition for change Willingness to create new patterns of life Being free = being human

 Human concern for preserving uniqueness and centeredness Interest to discover a self Problem: anchoring to others values and beliefs in solving problem rather than centering in oneself The courage to be

Striving for identity and relationship with others

Experience of aloneness Experience of relatedness Neurotically dependent vs. life affirming relationships

Struggling with our identity

 Struggle for a sense of

significance and purpose in life

Value system internally or

externally derived
Meaninglessness
The search for meaning

Existential vacuum Existential guilt Creating meaning Engagement

 Arises from ones personal strivings to

survive and to maintain and asserts ones

being Two forms : Existential anxiety and neurotic

anxiety
Existential anxiety is a stimulus for growth

Anxiety as a condition for living

Avoidance of anxiety and illusion of security

Use of freedom accompanies anxiety

Tolerating ambiguity and uncertainity Facing anxiety involves viewing life as an

adventure

 Awareness of death as a basic human condition gives significance to living

Awareness of death is the

Awareness of death and nonbeing

source for zest for life and creativity Avoiding obsession with death

 Gerald Corey, (2001), Theory and Practice of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 6th edition, California, Wadsworth, Brooks/Cole