Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Jared Raymond Sangitha Mothayapan Faiz Amir Pang Fei Mian Chui Jun Hui Lu Sirui Sun Jing
University of Malaya KL
a blue print that guides the behavior of people in a community. It helps to know how far we can go as individuals and our responsibilities to the group. Larson and Smalley ( 1972 ) a dynamic system of rules, explicit and implicit, established by groups in order to ensure their
survival, involving attitudes, values, beliefs, norms, and behaviors, shared by a group but harbored differently by each explicit unit within the group, communicated across generations, relatively stable but with the potential to change across time. Matsumoto ( 2000)
PBET 2113 Group 5 (TESL) Sem 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy Education, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
human being exists is not a universal reality, but a category of reality consisting of selectively organized features considered significant by the society in which he lives. Condon (1973, p. 17)
Culture is needed to fulfill certain biological
PBET 2113 Group 5 (TESL) Sem 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy Education, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
part of language. These two cannot be separated without losing the significance of either one.
PBET 2113 Group 5 (TESL) Sem 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy Education, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
STEREOTYPES OR GENERALIZATIONS?
In the bias of our own culture-bound worldview, we often picture other culture in an oversimplified manner, lumping cultural differences into exaggerated categories, and
Stereotype formed because our cultural milieu shapes our worldview in such a way that reality is thought to be objectively perceived through our own cultural pattern. A different perception is seen as either false or strange.
PBET 2113 Group 5 (TESL) Sem 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy Education, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
Implication: SLA/SLL
Both teacher and learner of a second
language need to understand cultural differences, to recognize openly that people are not all the same beneath the skin.
A teacher or a researcher must strive to
ATTITUDES of Learners
towards the culture or language towards the members of the cultural
groups whose language they are learning influenced by parents and peers attitudes which forms a perception of oneself, of others, and of the culture in which one is living Negative attitudes can be changed exposure and reality
PBET 2113 Group 5 (TESL) Sem 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy Education, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
- a process of creating shared meaning between cultural representatives - experiential - continues over years of language learning, and penetrates deeply into ones patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting
PBET 2113 Group 5 (TESL) Sem 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy Education, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
4. Recovery:
first tentative and vacillating full recovery (assimilation or adaptation, acceptance, selfconfidence in the new person)
PBET 2113 Group 5 (TESL) Sem 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy Education, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
SOCIAL DISTANCE
The cognitive and affective proximity of two
cultures that come to contact within an individual. Parameters of social distance : Schumann (1976c) 1) Dominance - is the L2 group politically, culturally, technically, or economically dominant, nondominant, or subordinate in relation to the TL group? 2) Integration - Is the integration pattern of the L2 group assimilation, acculturation, or reservation?
PBET 2113 Group 5 (TESL) Sem 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy Education, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
3) Cohesiveness - Is the L2 group cohesive? 4)Congruence Are the cultures of the two groups congruent-similar in their value and belief systems? 5) Permanence - What is the L2 groups intended length of residence in the target language area?
Schumanns hypothesis: the greater the
social distance between two cultures, the greater the difficulty in learning the second language.
PBET 2113 Group 5 (TESL) Sem 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy Education, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
distance, instead of trying to measure actual social distance When learners encounter a new culture, their acculturation process is a factor of how they perceive their own culture in relation to the culture of the target language.
PBET 2113 Group 5 (TESL) Sem 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy Education, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
- typifies the good language learner. - maintaining some distance between themselves and both cultures.
that mastery of the foreign language takes place hand in hand with feelings of anomie or homelessness, where learners have moved away from their native culture but are still not completely assimilated into or adjusted to the target culture.
PBET 2113 Group 5 (TESL) Sem 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy Education, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
Svanes (1987,1988)
found that university foreign students
studying in Norway appeared to achieve higher language proficiency if they had a balanced and critical attitude to the host people (1988,p.368) as opposed to uncritical admiration for all aspects of the target language
PBET 2113 Group 5 (TESL) Sem 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy Education, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
PBET 2113 Group 5 (TESL) Sem 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy Education, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
feel alienation during the process of learning a second language. We need to be sensitive to the fragility of students by using techniques that promote cultural understanding to lessen the blocks on the way of studying a second language.
PBET 2113 Group 5 (TESL) Sem 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy Education, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
tasks, Internet-based culture portfolios Interviews of native speakers of the target language , the using of drama in class room. Role play assists teacher in the process of acculturation in the classroom. Studying second language where that language is spoken natively is the best way to facilitate acculturation.
PBET 2113 Group 5 (TESL) Sem 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy Education, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
PBET 2113 Group 5 (TESL) Sem 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy Education, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
legislation, court decisions or policy to determine how languages are used, to cultivate language skills needed to meet national priorities or to establish the rights of individuals or groups to use and maintain languages. Many countries have a language policy designed to favour or discourage the use of a particular language or set of languages.
Policies of assimilation Policies of non-intervention Policies of differentiated legal status Policies of promotion of the official language
PBET 2113 Group 5 (TESL) Sem 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy Education, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
World Englishes
World Englishes refers to the emergence of
localized or indigenized varieties of English, especially varieties that have developed in nations colonized by England or the United States. Indian English, Singapore English, and Philippine English are commonly referred to as examples of World Englishes, as each of these varieties has native speakers.
involve taking on a new culture. For example is learning English in India.
PBET 2113 Group 5 (TESL) Sem 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy Education, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
power, traditionally, military power but also, in the modern world, economic power and aspects of the dominant culture are usually transferred along with the language. Linguistic imperialism is often seen in the context of cultural imperialism.
PBET 2113 Group 5 (TESL) Sem 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy Education, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
widespread move to establish English as an official language. English-only movement, also known as Official English movement, refers to a political movement for the use only of the English language in official government operations through the establishing of English as the only official language in the United States. There have been various unrelated incarnations of the movement throughout American history
PBET 2113 Group 5 (TESL) Sem 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy Education, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
is very significant. ideas, issues, inventions and discoveries create the need for new words. words, language and verbal labels shape our lives and the way people think. Example: the advertising world use language to shape, persuade and dissuade. George Lakoff (2004) reminds us of the importance of language and verbal labels in shaping the way people think. Verbal labels can shape the way we store events for later recall.
PBET 2113 Group 5 (TESL) Sem 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy Education, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
between language and thought. culture patterns of cognition and customs are sometimes explicitly coded in language. lexical items may reflect something about the intersection of culture and cognition.
PBET 2113 Group 5 (TESL) Sem 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy Education, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
activities Linguistics - concepts of language analysis that are the basis of inter-cultural communication Psychology - concepts we use in understanding peoples motivation and behaviour Sociology and anthropology - influenced our study of behaviour All these influences form social values in different communities
PBET 2113 Group 5 (TESL) Sem 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy Education, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL
Source: Brown, H. Douglas. 2007. Principles of Language Learning and Teaching, 5th Edition. White Plains, NY: Pearson Education. Chapter 7. Created for: PBET 2113 Participants (TESL) Semester 2, AY 2009-2010 Department of Language & Literacy Faculty of Education University of Malaya KL Created by: Jared Raymond, Sangitha Mothayapan, Faiz Amir, Lu Sirui, Pang Fei Mian, Sun Jing, Chui Jun Hui, Facilitator: Jessie Grace U. Rubrico, PhD
PBET 2113 Group 5 (TESL) Sem 2 AY 2009-2010, Department of Language & Literacy Education, Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya KL