Solar Thermal Power Plants

By Dr. Irshad Ahmed Department of Mechatronics, Air University, E-9, Islamabad

Basic Needs of Man

1. 2. 3. 4. Food Fiber Fabric Fuel

Environment

Current source of continuous Energy flow

Finite source of energy

Device
Device

Use

Use

Environment

Sink

Environment

Sink

Renewable energy

Finite energy

able 1.1 Comparison of renewable and conventional energy system. Renewable energy supplies Conventional supplies

Examples
Source Normal state Initial intensity Lifetime of supply Cost of source Cost of equipment Variation and control

Wind , Solar, biomass, tidal

Natural local environment A current of energy. An income Low intensity. dispersed: ~300 W/m2 Or less Infinite Free High, commonly $2000 per KW capacity

Coal, oil, gas

Concentrated stock Static source of energy. Capital Released at ~100 kW/m2 and More Finite Increasingly expensive.>$0.1 Per KWh Moderate, commonly $500 per Capacity Steady, best controlled by adjusting source with feedback control General and international use Increased scale often improves supply costs, large scale frequently favored

Location for use

Fluctuating: best controlled by change of load using Site and society specific

Scale

Small scale economic, Large scale may present difficulties

Skills
Pollution and environment damage Esthetics Interdisciplinary and varied. Wide range of skills, Importance of bioscience and agriculture Usually little environmental harm Local perturbations may be serious but usually acceptable

Strong links with electrical and mechanical engineering. Narrow range of skills
Environment pollution common especially of air and water Small structure may produce little Esthetics difficulty.

Reflected to space 50000 120000

Solar Radiation

80,000 Sensible
Heating

Infrared radiation to space

30

Solar radiation

40,000 Latent Heat

Potential Energy

Hydropower

Absorbed

300
30

Kinetic Energy

Wind and wave

conversion

Photosynt hesis

Biofuels

From
Geotherm al

30

Heat

Geothermal installations

Earth

From Planetary motion

Gravitation al Orbital motion

Tides

Tidal power

Status of GHG Emissions

ELECTRICITY INSTALLED CAPACITY IN PAKISTAN

ELECTRICITY SUPPLY AND DEMAND IN PAKISTAN

ELECTRICITY SUPPLY AND DEMAND FOR PAKISTAN

PAKISTANS POWER DEMAND AND SUPPLY

SOLAR RADIATION IN PAKISTAN

SOLAR CELL TECHNOLOGIES

SOLAR CELL, MODULE, ARRAY

PN JUNCTION OF A SOLAR CELL

SOLAR CELL FUNCTION

I-V CHARACTERISTIC CURVE OF A SOLAR CELL

SOLAR CELL EFFICIENCIES

COST OF ELECTRICITY FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES

PV TECHNOLOGY PERFORMANCE

SOLAR IRRIGATION PUMP

PV PUMP WITH SPRINKLER IRRIGATION

GRID CONNECTED PV POWER

LARGE PV SOLAR POWER PLANTS

a Name of PV power plant Olmedilla Photovoltaic Park Country Nominal GWh Capacity Power /year factor (MWp) 55 54 53 53[40] 0.11 700'000 First Solar CdTe modules, opened 2009[41] 231'653 crystalline silicon modules, Suntech and Solaria, opened 2008 93[42] 0.23 Completed December 2008 2009 2009 40
[44] [38]

Notes Siliken crystalline silicon modules. Completed September 2008

Spain

85

[36]

0.16

Strasskirchen Solar Germany Park Lieberose Photovoltaic Park Germany

[39][40]

Puertollano Photovoltaic Park

Spain

47.6 46 45 41 40 0.11

Moura photovoltaic Portugal power station[42] Kothen Solar Park Germany Finsterwalde Solar Germany Park Waldpolenz Solar Park[43][44] Germany

550,000 First Solar thinfilm CdTe modules. Completed December 2008