Solar cell

Project No.: 11ME2Y1G

Guided by : Dr. Sanjeev kumar

Made by :Rishabh Sood Ramit Sethi Rahul Bansal Prabhdeep Singh

TITLE OF PROJECT
White light emitted from Sun includes all colors of the visible spectrum with wavelength ranging from about 400 nanometers (nm) to about 780 nm. Solar cells generate an electrical current when light hits their surface. These cells vary in their response to different wavelengths, or colour, of light. The aim of this project is to demonstrate how a solar cell responds differently to different wavelengths of light.

Introduction of solar power

The energy from the sun is radiated out in all directions as light. Much of the energy striking the earth is reflected back into space by the atmosphere, but a staggering 90,000 TW of power arrives at the earths surface, 6,000 times more power than the entire human race uses. solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaic (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP). Concentrated solar power systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. Photovoltaics converts light into electric current using the photoelectric effect.

What is a Solar cell..?????

A solar cell is a device that directly converts the energy in light into electrical energy through the process of photovoltaic.

A solar cell (also called photovoltaic cell or photoelectric cell) is a solid state device that converts the energy of sunlight directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect. Assemblies of cells are used to make solar modules, also known as solar panels.

working

When some materials are exposed to sunlight, they release small amounts of electricity giving off what is known as the "photovoltaic effect. " Sunlight is composed of photons, or particles of solar energy that contain various amounts of energy corresponding to the different wavelengths of the solar spectrum. When photons strike a PV cell, the energy of the photon is transferred to an electron in a cell's atom. The cell is made of a semiconductor material. With its newfound energy, the electron escapes from its normal position on the atom and becomes part of the current in an electrical circuit. When this happens, the electron creates a "hole." Special electrical properties of the PV cell, specifically a built-in electric field, provide voltage that drives the current through an external load, such as a light bulb, a hairdryer or a television set.

Photovoltaic modules are the basic building blocks of solar electric power systems. PV modules can be made from several different materials, which vary in cost and conversion efficiency.

Solar electric power

systems may also have batteries, charge controllers, and inverters, which convert the direct current generated by PV system into an alternating current, the type of electricity sold by utilities and required to run most appliances and electronic devices.

Solar cell operation

SOLAR CELL TECHNOLOGY

There are mainly three types of solar technologies 1.monocrystalline 2.Polycrystalline 3.Amorphous Crystalline cells are wired in series to produce solar panels. As each cell produces a voltage of between 0.5 and 0.6 Volts, 36 cells are needed to produce an open-circuit voltage of about 20 Volts. This is sufficient to charge a 12 Volt battery under most conditions.

monocrystalline

polycrystalline

amorphous

1.Made from single large crystal 2.Most efficiant 3.Most expensive 4better in low light conditon

Made from many small Made from small solar crystals panels Less efficiant Less expensive better in low light condition Most efficiant Most expensive than mono Its not better than other

When light of different wavelength falls on solar cell???????

Of the seven wavelengths tested the yellow wavelength produced the most electrical energy with both panels and light sources. The electrical output of other six wavelengths varied depending on the light source. White light outperformed all seven wavelengths. Surprisingly the effect of wavelength on the solar panels did not produce any linear result. The size of the light wavelength did not directly affect the electrical output of the photovoltaic cell.

Conclusion

Different wavelengths do affect the electrical output of photovoltaic cells. While there was no single wavelength in the visible spectrum that was more productive than full sunlight, the differences in productivity of each wavelength suggests that there may be a way to tune a solar panel so it can more efficiently collect the most productive wavelengths, visible or non-visible, of the electromagnetic spectrum.