H Kie 20050112

The Latest Development in 3G Mobile
Prof. OnChing Yue , MobiTeC Director
Mobile Technologies Centre (MobiTeC)
Brief CV of OnChing Yue

1977: PhD in ECE, UC San Diego 1977-2003:

Bell Telephone Laboratories (Wireless Research) AT&T Bell Laboratories (Networking Research) Lucent Technologies Bell Laboratories (Director) 52 published papers, 18 patents granted Visiting Professor, Information Engineering Dept. Director, Mobile Technologies Centre (MobiTeC) Director, Work Study Programme
The Chinese University of Hong Kong
2003: Chinese University of Hong Kong
12 January 2005
Outline
Brief Introduction about MobiTeC Past - How did we get to 3G? Present - What does 3G offer now? Future - What is next for 3G?
12 January 2005
Wireless Research at MobiTeC

End-to-End 3G Data Applications QoS Multimedia Applications over WLAN Sensors for Healthcare and Logistics
3G-SGSN Internet/Intranet/ISP
Packet Core Network

IP firewall
3G-GGSN
IP ATM HLR+
IP ATM DNS & DHCP
WLAN Client B
APC
Wireless MAN
WPAN Access Point
Radio Access Network

RNC
2.5/3G/4G Wireless LAN Sensor Network

WLAN Client A
WLAN Access Point
Node B
Wireless PAN
12 January 2005
QoS Laboratory
Field Measurement

Mobile testset software and TEMS RF mapping of 140 802.11 nodes in 2 buildings VoIP roaming performance over WLAN ns2 simulation model of cellular/WLAN network TCP over GPRS/3G with handovers
Simulation

Emulation
End-to-end network with linux PCs as network nodes Cross layer algorithm with actual multimedia traffic
12 January 2005
Handover occurrence points
12 January 2005
Mobile Technologies Centre (MobiTeC) Wireless Data Services Emulator Platform
Core Network
Delay (Queuing + Processing) in Core Network
Server GGSN/SGSN
Loss (Buffer Overflow) in Core Network

BSC/BTS
Delay (Queuing + Processing) in RAN Loss (Buffer Overflow) in RAN Delay (Channel Setup + Propagation + Frame Retransmission) in RF Channel Loss (Collision, Interference, Handoff) in RF Channel Segmentation of IP packets into RLC frames, depending on the current RF Channel transmission bit rate RF Channel transmission bit rate can be varied during an on-going transmission, depending on channel conditions Frame retransmission if original frame is lost
Mobile 1
12 January 2005
Mobile 2
Wireless Sensor Network for Healthcare Applications
12 January 2005
Outline
12 January 2005
10
3G phones have finally arrived in volume!
12 January 2005
11
First Mobile Radio Telephone (1924)
12 January 2005
12
Cellular Mobile Telephony

Frequency modulation Cellular concept - Bell Labs (1947 & 1960) Frequency reuse typically every 7 cells Handover as caller moves Modified switch - HLR, paging, handovers Sectorized antennas improve reuse
12 January 2005
13
GSM Time Division Multiple Access
12 January 2005
14
IS-95 Code Division Multiple Access
Spread spectrum modulation originally developed for the military resists jamming and multipath interference All users share same (large) block of spectrum one for one frequency reuse soft handovers possible All 3G radio standards are based on CDMA CDMA2000, W-CDMA and TD-SCDMA
12 January 2005
15
Multi-Access Radio Techniques
12 January 2005
16
Cellular Technology Evolution
12 January 2005
17
Outline
Brief Introduction about MobiTeC Past - How did we get to 3G? Present - What does 3G offer now?
Three different kinds of 3G QoS support in W-CDMA 3G-324M video services
Future - What is next for 3G?
12 January 2005
18
3G Vision

Universal global roaming Multimedia (voice, data & video) Increased data rates
384 Kbps while moving 2 Mbps when stationary at specific locations
Increased capacity (more spectrally efficient) IP architecture
12 January 2005
19
International Mobile Telecommunication 2000
IMT-MC (Multi Carrier)
cdma2000 1xEV-DO (1.228 Mcps, paired 1.25 MHz bandwidth) TD-SCDMA (1.28 Mcps, unpaired 1.6 MHz bandwidth) W-CDMA (3.84 Mcps, paired 5 MHz bandwidth)
IMT-TD (Time Division)
IMT-DS (Direct Spread)
12 January 2005
20
Evolution of cdma2000
Source: LG Electronics
12 January 2005
21
TD-SCDMA physical channel format

10 msec
Frame #i
5 msec
Subframe #0
675us
Subframe #1 UL DL DL DL DL
Data 352 chips Guard Period
DL
UL
Data 352 chips
Midamble 144 chips
12 January 2005
22
TD-SCDMA Data Rates

Downlink Timeslot Frame 5 ms 1.28 Mchip/s Ts0 Ts1 Ts2 Ts3 Ts4 Ts5 Ts6 Downlink Timeslot Switching Point
DwPTS (96 chips) GP1 (96 chips)
UpPTS (160 chips)
Uplink Timeslot
Figure 1: The TDMA frame 675us/TS x 1.28Mcps=172.8Kcps or 10.8Kcps per code structure Modulation: QPSK or 8-PSK; Voice data rate: 8kbit/s Max. (SF=1) gross data rate per TS: 281.6Kb/s Max. circuit or packet switched rate: 2.048Mb/s
12 January 2005
23
UMTS Main Features
New radio access technology using new spectrum
spectrum allocation around 2 GHz two radio transmission modes Frequency Division Duplex (FDD): 2 60 MHz Time Division Duplex (TDD): 15 + 20 MHz Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) Chip rate 3.84 Mcps Channel bandwidth 4.4 5 MHz
Built on GSM Core Network technology Support of user data rates 0 2 Mbps Multi-call, multimedia capability
12 January 2005
24
Transmission Format UTRA FDD

1 radio frame (10 ms), 15*2560 chips (3.84 Mcps) Slot 1 Slot 2 Slot i Slot 15
time
Uplink
Macrocell layers Microcell layer
Downlink
frequenc y
5 MHz
5 MHz Duplex distance, e.g. 190 MHz
5 MHz
5 MHz
bit level QPSK (downlink) or dual-channel BPSK (uplink) modulation rates 15 ... 960 Ksps for spreading factors 256 ... 4
12 January 2005
25
Example of 64-Kbps Transmission in the Uplink DTCH DCCH

Information data CRC attachment 1280 1280 1296 Turbo Coding R=1/3 1st interleaving Radio Frame Segmentation Rate matching 1950 SMU#1 2294 3888 3900 1950 SMU#2 2294 SMU#1 2294 Termination 12
CRC16
Information data CRC attachment Tail bit attachment Conv. Coding R=1/3 1st interleaving Rate matching SMU#2 2294 90
100 100 112 360 360 90
CRC12
Tail8
90
90
SMU#1 SMU#2 SMU#3 SMU#4 106 106 106 106 2294 2400 106
2nd interleaving
2294 2400
106
2294 2400
106
2294 2400
106
240kbps DPDCH 15kbps DPCCH Radio frame FN=4N Radio frame FN=4N+1 Radio frame FN=4N+2 Radio frame FN=4N+3
12 January 2005
26
Data flow for packet data (uplink)

40 bytes typ. 512 bytes (MSS = 1460 bytes)
payload (application data) TCP/IP header
TCP/IP
TCP/IP header
L2 PDCP
2 or 3 bytes
PDCP header
PDCP PDU
PDCP header
PDCP PDU
RLC SDU
RLC SDU
L2 RLC
typ. 40 bytes 24 bytes 0 or 3 bytes

MAC header RLC header

MAC SDU RLC header
L2 MAC
MAC header
MAC SDU
Transport block (MAC PDU)
Transport block (MAC PDU)
L1
CRC
2 bytes
CRC
12 January 2005
27
3G Traffic Classes

Conversational real time traffic flows, greatest delay sensitivity, e.g. voice or video telephony. Streaming - real time traffic flows, medium delay sensitivity, e.g. one-way streaming media. Interactive - used for interactive but delay tolerant traffic flows which require smaller data error rates, e.g. web browsing or chat. Background used for non-urgent, delay tolerant traffic flows that require smaller data error rates, e.g. large file download or email retrieval.
12 January 2005
28
3G Traffic Class QoS Requirements

Conversational RT Applications Reliability control Audio/video conference Guaranteed no ARQ Streaming RT Audio/video streaming Dynamic unACK ARQ Interactive NRT Web browsing Dynamic ACK ARQ Background NRT File download Dynamic ACK ARQ
Delay
BER Peak bit rate Precedence
100, 200, 400 msec <1sec

10^-3, -4, -5 0-2Mb/s high 10^-6, -7, -8 0-2Mb/s medium
<2 sec
<10^-9 N/A low
N/A
<10^-9 N/A low
12 January 2005
29
QoS Requirement for Web Browsing

Log on Session begins
Data Transaction inter-arrival time
Log out Session Ends A User Data Session

User Thinking Time
Data Transactions
Inactivity timer period Inactivity timer period Dormant mode
2nd Packet Call
Packet Data Calls
1st Packet Call
Nth Packet Call
Call Setup
Inactivity timer Call Setup expired,call tear down, resources released
Inactivity timer Call Setup expired,call tear down, resources released
User tears down the call
Downlink Uplink
Downlink
Downlink
Uplink
Downlink
Packets
Packet interarrival time
12 January 2005
30
Data Connections in 3G Network

PSTN/ISDN
OAM
SNMP UTRAN UCN
Internet/Intranet/ISP
3G-SGSN 3G MSC 3G-GGSN IP ATM HLR+ Iu Iu IP ATM DNS & DHCP
Core Network
Circuit & Packet
IP firewall

RNC Iub Iub Node B Node B Iub Node B Iur RNC
12 January 2005
31
UMTS Protocol Architecture

UTRAN
UE Applic. TCP IP RNC GGSN
Packet Switched Core Network

IP server Application TCP IP IP
Radio Access Bearers

SGSN
IP
Radio Bearers
PDCP RLC MAC PDCP Iu UP GTP-U UDP Iu UP GTP-U UDP GTP-U GPRS IP backbone UDP/ TCP IP IP
IP routing
GTP-U UDP/ TCP IP
Logical channels Transport channels

Node B
RLC MAC PHY
PHY
FP
PHY
AAL2/ ATM
FP
AAL2/ ATM
IP AAL5/ ATM
IP AAL5/ ATM
IP
Physical channels
Uu
Iub
Iu
Gn
Gn/Gp
Gi
12 January 2005
32
PDP context activation

Mobile
Base
RNC
SGSN
GGSN
RRC connection established Activate PDP context request Assign radio access bearer GTP established PDP context established Data transfer
12 January 2005
33
Each PDP context has a QoS profile
The QoS profile defines the quality of service expected in terms of the following attributes:

Precedence class. Delay class. Reliability class. Peak throughput class. Mean throughput class.
12 January 2005
34
3G Traffic Class QoS Requirements

Conversational RT Applications Reliability control Audio/video conference Guaranteed no ARQ Streaming RT Audio/video streaming Dynamic unACK ARQ Interactive NRT Web browsing Dynamic ACK ARQ Background NRT File download Dynamic ACK ARQ
Delay
BER Peak bit rate Precedence
100, 200, 400 msec <1sec

10^-3, -4, -5 0-2Mb/s high 10^-6, -7, -8 0-2Mb/s medium
<2 sec
<10^-9 N/A low
N/A
<10^-9 N/A low
12 January 2005
35
3G-324M Video Services

Initial mobile video service without IP multimedia infrastructure Leverage high speed circuit-switched data paths
64 Kbps H.324 video structure MPEG 4 video coding AMR audio coding
Supports live video conversations and streaming video

Mobile to Mobile Mobile to Internet or ISDN with gateways

12 January 2005
36
Network Architecture for 3G-324M Services
12 January 2005
37
Gateway: 3G-324M to Video over IP
12 January 2005
38
Outline
HSDPA and IP-based Multimedia VoIP over cellular 3G+, B3G,
12 January 2005
39
Release 5 (March 2002) Summary

Main features: HSDPA - High Speed Downlink Packet Access

Data only, downlink speeds of up to 10Mbit/s Included in ITU-R update of M.1457
IMS - IP-based Multimedia Services
All the core network elements for multimedia services Based on SIP (from IETF) and PS bearers
Wideband AMR codec End-to-end QoS Enhancements to messaging, security, etc
And much more!
12 January 2005
40
UMTS R99 Evolution to HSDPA

Release 99
HSDPA Release 5
HS-DSCH
HSDPA Release 6
HS-DSCH
DSCH
Enhanced Channel Structure
Adaptive Modulation & Coding
MIMO (BLAST)
Fast Cell Selection
Hybrid ARQ
Dynamic Scheduling
Transmit Diversity Enhancements
2.048Mbps Packet
10.8Mbps Packet
21.6 Mbps Packet
2002 view
12 January 2005
41
HSDPA (up to 14 Mbps peak throughput)
High-Speed Downlink Shared CHannel (HS-DSCH) Fast scheduling Fast Retransmissions and H-ARQ Channel Quality Feedback Adaptive modulation and coding MIMO
12 January 2005
42
HSDPA System Architecture
12 January 2005
43
HS-DSCH characteristics
Provision of 8 10 Mbps peak user data rate by

Fast selection of modulation and coding scheme depending on channel conditions (no fast power control) Short transmission time interval (2 ms) Fast hybrid ARQ (incremental redundancy and/or Chase combining) Fast scheduling Fast cell selection/handover
dedicated channels dedicated channels
12 January 2005
44
Adaptive Modulation and Coding

Modulation and Coding Schemes (Example)
C/I 64QAM, 64QAM, 16QAM, 16QAM, QPSK, QPSK, R=0.75 (12.96 Mbps) R=0.50 (8.64 Mbps) R=0.63 (7.20 Mbps) R=0.38 (4.32 Mbps) R=0.50 (2.88 Mbps) R=0.25 (1.44 Mbps)
for 12 codes (of 16)
C/I
time
0.1
0.01 FER
12 January 2005
45
Scheduling Strategies
Transmission time interval 3 slots (2 ms)
Example: Max C/I scheduling
C/I
time C/I served mobile
time
C/I
time
12 January 2005
46
Capacity Improvement of HSDPA
12 January 2005
47
IP Multimedia Subsystem
The IMS provides the control of applications, control of sessions, and media conversion.

session control services including subscription, registration, routing and roaming combination of several different media bearer per session central service based charging quality of service support
New applications
Push-to-Talk over Cellular (PoC), Presence and Instant Messaging Voice and Video over IP.
12 January 2005
48
IP Multimedia Subsystem and Connected Networks
12 January 2005
49
Cellular Technology Evolution
12 January 2005
50
VoIP over 3G Performance Objectives
Little or no degradation in voice quality
comparison points are EVRC, AMR, EFR, SMV, etc error tolerant, toll quality, low delay
For Mobile to PSTN and PSTN to Mobile scenarios, 3G1x CS Voice delay is currently ~135 msec For Mobile to Mobile scenario, 3G1x CS Voice delay is currently ~270 msec
End-to-end delay similar to circuit switched voice

Radio interface efficiency and network capacity comparable to circuit switched voices
current 3G1x CS voice is ~ 26 Erlangs/sector-carrier, UMTS is ~3 times that number
Coverage, handoffs - equivalent to CS voice

12 January 2005
51
Technology Solutions for VoIP
At the application header compression/stripping (ROHC, LLAROHC) Frame aggregation making the vocoders more VoIP friendly
Adaptive Jitter Buffering to Control Delay Speech Coder Resynchronization to Improve Speech Quality and Reduce Delay
12 January 2005
52
Technology Solutions for VoIP
Forward link support for low bit rate users support for QoS Reverse link reduced latency and increased capacity QoS Radio Access Network New signaling mechanism to distinguish VoIP packets from regular data packets Handoff New signaling and state migration techniques to support make before break
12 January 2005
53
Potential Performance of VoIP over 3G
Source: Lucent Technologies
12 January 2005
54
Capacity Improvement of 3G+
Source: Lucent Technologies
12 January 2005
55
Potential Wireless Internet Applications

Personalized content tailored to end customers
Localized Information Personalized ads based on users preferences Chat Groups
E-Banking
Build on Phone / Web Banking Technology
Entertainment
Games Music Classifieds/Personals Museum/Sights Night Life
Messaging
Email/Video mail/Voice Mail Chat Group Wireless Instant Messaging Post Cards
Total Vehicle Communication

Voice, Data (servicing / location / telematics) Technology Drivers
Electronic commerce
Push special offers to device Make offer due to proximity/online presence
12 January 2005
Communications Network Transformation

People to People People to Things Things to Things
56
Homes Buildings
Appliances
Computers People
$
.. .
Transportation Vehicles & Systems
Vending Machines
Intelligent Subscriber Devices
Multiple Connections per Person Networking Embedded in Household and Business Devices Full Time, Always On Connectivity, At Home, At Work, and On the Go:
Wireline: Fixed Broadband for Business, Entertainment & High End Applications Wireless: Mobility for Convenience & Portability Converged Services available via multiple forms of access.
12 January 2005
57
from Dresdner Kleinwort Wasserstein (DrKW) Equity Research
12 January 2005
58
Release 6 and beyond
Wireless LAN/UMTS interworking Presence Speech recognition and speech enabled services IMS "Phase 2" (incl. IMS Messaging, Conferencing, Group Management) Use of UTRA in other spectrum arrangements Faster uplink Push to talk over Cellular New radio modulation techniques Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS)
12 January 2005
59
What is Beyond 3G (B3G)?
12 January 2005
60
The Latest Development in 3G Mobile
Thank you!
12 January 2005

H Kie 20050112

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The Latest Development in 3G Mobile

Prof. OnChing Yue , MobiTeC Director

Mobile Technologies Centre (MobiTeC)

Brief CV of OnChing Yue

1977: PhD in ECE, UC San Diego 1977-2003:

2003: Chinese University of Hong Kong

Mobile Technologies Centre (MobiTeC)

The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Mobile Technologies Centre (MobiTeC)

Wireless Research at MobiTeC

Packet Core Network

IP ATM DNS & DHCP

Radio Access Network

2.5/3G/4G Wireless LAN Sensor Network

WLAN Access Point

The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Mobile Technologies Centre (MobiTeC)

The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Mobile Technologies Centre (MobiTeC)

Handover occurrence points

The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Mobile Technologies Centre (MobiTeC) Wireless Data Services Emulator Platform

Radio Access Network

The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Mobile Technologies Centre (MobiTeC)

Wireless Sensor Network for Healthcare Applications

The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Mobile Technologies Centre (MobiTeC)

The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Mobile Technologies Centre (MobiTeC)

3G phones have finally arrived in volume!

The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Mobile Technologies Centre (MobiTeC)

First Mobile Radio Telephone (1924)

The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Mobile Technologies Centre (MobiTeC)

Cellular Mobile Telephony

The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Mobile Technologies Centre (MobiTeC)

GSM Time Division Multiple Access

The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Mobile Technologies Centre (MobiTeC)

IS-95 Code Division Multiple Access

The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Mobile Technologies Centre (MobiTeC)

Multi-Access Radio Techniques

The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Mobile Technologies Centre (MobiTeC)

Cellular Technology Evolution

The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Mobile Technologies Centre (MobiTeC)

Three different kinds of 3G QoS support in W-CDMA 3G-324M video services

Future - What is next for 3G?

The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Mobile Technologies Centre (MobiTeC)

384 Kbps while moving 2 Mbps when stationary at specific locations

Increased capacity (more spectrally efficient) IP architecture

The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Mobile Technologies Centre (MobiTeC)

International Mobile Telecommunication 2000

IMT-MC (Multi Carrier)

IMT-TD (Time Division)