PUMP

INTRODUCTIONS TO PUMP
What is a Pump? Moving fluids plays a major role in the process of a plant. Liquid can only move on its own power, and then only from top to bottom or from a high pressure to a lower pressure system. This means that energy to the liquid must be added, to moving the liquid from a low to a higher level. To add the required energy to liquids, pumps are used. There are many different definitions of the name PUMP.

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

PARTS OF PUMP
PumP Casing The pump casing is of pressed steel manufacture, complete with male screwed connections and can be supplied with fittings or clamp liners. The pump casing is designed for multi position outlet, with 360 flexibility.

PART OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

Impeller The impeller is of cast manufacture and open type; that is the impeller vanes are open in front. This type allows visual inspection of the vanes and the area between them. A semi-open impeller is also available which is easy to clean andsuitable for polishing. The impeller has two or multiple vanes depending on the type of centrifugal pump. The impeller diameter and width will vary dependent upon the duty requirements

 Back Plate The back plate is of pressed steel manufacture, which together with the pump casing form the actual fluid chamber in which the fluid is transferred by means of the impeller.

 Mechanical Seal The connection between the motor shaft/pump shaft and the pump casing is sealed by means of a mechanical seal. The link below provides all information on pump seals.

 Shroud and Legs Most pump types are fitted with shrouds and adjustable legs. The shroud is insulated to keep noise to a minimum and protect the motor against damage.

 Pump Shaft/Connections Most pumps have stub shafts that are fixed to the motor shafts by means of compression couplings, eliminating the use of keyways. The stub shaft assembly design provides a simple, yet secure method of drive that reduces vibration and noise. On the multistage centrifugal pump the length of the pump shaft will differ depending upon the number of impellers fitted.

Adaptor Most pumps are fitted with a standard IEC electric motor. The connection between the motor and back plate is made by means of an adaptor, which can be attached to any standard IEC or C-frame electric motor. Pumps supplied with direct coupled motors have no adaptors.

Startup of Centrifugal Pumps

Check pump and driver and the oil levels Check pump line up and tank levels Open pump suction line and pump vent valve to prime the pump. Crack open pump discharge valve. Recheck pumps lineup and start pump. When pump operation is stable, open discharge line valve wide. Monitor suction and discharge pressures and flow rates. Monitor pump and piping for leaks.

DIAPRAGHMA PUMP

Startup of Positive Displacement Pumps

Check pump driver oil level, cooling requirements, and other specifications. Check pump line up and tank levels Open pump suction line and fill pump. Open pump discharge valves. Recheck pumps lineup and start pump. Monitor suction and discharge pressures and flow rates. Monitor pump and piping for leaks.

PUMP IN SERIES

PUMP IN PARALEL

PUMP PIPING

PUMP PIPING

PUMP PIPING

PUMP PIPING

Troubleshooting
Problem Pump is cavitating Possible Cause High suction temperature Viscosity Low suction pressure Restriction in line Too much horsepower Pump speed too high NPSH too high Small suction Solution Lower temperature Agitate suction tank Increase level or pressure Shut down and clear Decrease horsepower Lower RPM Lower NPSH requirements Increase diameter suction line Shut down and bleed off Use variable-speed motor drive

Pump vapor locked Pump not vented before startup Variable-speed pumps

Troubleshooting
Problem Excessive vibration Possible Cause Starved suction Solution Pinch down pump discharge valve Shut down and replace Vent pump to re-establish full capacity Shut down and realign Remove rotating element, check impeller; if passages clogged, remove foreign material; if impeller damaged, a new one will need to be installed. Shut down and repair Secure pump to foundation Disconnect coupling and check driver Locate and correct

Bearings worn Caused by the formation of vapor pockets Pump misaligned Rotor out of balance; usually intermittent

Shaft bent Loose foundation bolts Driver vibrating Instrument malfunctions

Troubleshooting
Problem Possible Cause Solution

Fails to deliver liquid

Wrong rotation Suction line not filled with liquid Air/vapor in suction line NSPH insufficient Low level in suction tank

Reverse Fill suction line

Vent pump case Increase NPSH Increase level