03 Architectures v300

Storage Networking Architectures
Storage Networking Boot Camp
Module 2
1998-2005 FMJO LLC, dba Infinity I/O. All rights reserved. Any reproduction or use without written permission of Infinity I/O is prohibited
Outline
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Storage Architectures Comparing Solutions Storage Transport Protocols SNIA Shared Storage Model
1998-2005 FMJO LLC dba Infinity I/O. All rights reserved. Any reproduction or use without written permission of Infinity I/O is prohibited
Direct-Attached Storage
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Traditional way of implementing storage Storage is managed by a single host Other hosts must access the storage through a single host, over the LAN
Direct-attached external storage
Fibre Channel
SCSI
Tape Device Direct-attached internal storage Direct-attached external storage
DAS Strengths and Limitations
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Inexpensive hardware Mature, standardsbased Familiar technology No retraining needed
Low scalability:
SCSI bus device limit Need for multiple servers No server scalability
Limited availability:
RAID does not protect from server h/w or s/w failure
Limited distance Difficult to manage:

Data is dispersed over many servers
Network-Attached Storage
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Provides access to a file system over the LAN NAS devices contain a thin server that implements a host-independent file system
NAS appliance
NAS Strengths and Limitations
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Relatively inexpensive Ease of management Easily installed

Does not have to be implemented like a SAN
More scalable and reliable than DAS Accessible by any host OS anywhere on the network
Can cause high traffic loads on the LAN Most NAS solutions are optimized for file-level storage The NAS server can be a bottleneck
Still dealing with TCP/IP New TCP/IP accelerators becoming common
Storage Area Network
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Servers and stand-alone storage devices, connected by a dedicated network Any server can be configured to access any Storage Array Servers and storage can scale independently
Tape device
Server
Storage array
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SAN Strengths and Limitations
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Servers and storage can scale independently Does not impact and is not impacted by LAN traffic Provides higher availability Best overall ROI
Initial implementation costs more than NAS Can be complex to manage Requires specialized training Interoperability is an issue in heterogeneous environments
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Outline
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Comparing Architecture DAS

Application
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SAN
Application
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NAS
Application
Host
File System LAN File System
Host
SAN
Host
File System
File I/O Block I/O
NAS server
Storage array
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Comparing Features
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NAS
Performance Scalability Availability Management Cross-platform support Most common usage Cost Storage Access Can be limited by LAN bandwidth Capacity scaling might require multiple NAS servers Built-in RAID, redundant network ports, snapshots Ease of individual appliance management Built-in heterogeneous platform support Client/server file storage File Sharing Lower start-up costs, low management costs File I/O
SAN
Storage does not compete with LAN traffic Servers and storage can scale independently Synchronous disastertolerant configurations Requires specialized skill set Heterogeneous platform support is not yet mature Database applications Higher start-up costs; management costs vary Block I/O
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Scalability and Availability
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Scalability
SAN NAS DAS
Availability
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Cost Comparison
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Operational Cost
DAS
SAN
NAS
Implementation Cost
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Outline
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Storage Transport Protocols Fibre Channel
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Fibre Channel (FC) is a technology for transmitting high speed, block data I/O between devices. FC is:
Reliable Cost-effective High-speed
NOTE: Fibre Channel and SAN are not synonymous

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Channels and Networks
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I/O Channel (e.g. SCSI) Network (e.g. Ethernet)
xFew devices x Static addressing Low latency x Short distances Hardware-based

delivery management
Many devices Dynamic addressing x High latency Long distances xSoftware-based

delivery management
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Channels and Networks
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Fibre Channel is both a channel and a network It provides the best of both channels and networks:
Many devices Dynamic addressing Low latency Long distances Hardware-based
delivery management
Fibre Channel
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Why Fibre Channel?

Far more scalable than DAS:
More bandwidth Longer distances Many more devices
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Proven and reliable Supports many applications Based on open standards Wide industry support
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Why Fibre Channel?
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IP HiPPI FC-VI FC-AV FC-AE
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Fibre Channel carries, or encapsulates, other communication protocols:

SCSI-3 FICON (SBCCS)
Fibre Channel can carry multiple protocols simultaneously to support a variety of applications
SCSI-3
VI
IP
FICON
Fibre Channel
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IP Storage
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Fibre Channel
Multi-protocol switch or router
iSCSI or iFCP
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SAN Extension
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Distributed Fibre Channel SAN
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ESCON/FICON
ESCON:
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Enterprise Systems Connection Older storage networking technology for IBM mainframes
FICON:
FICON is IBMs mainframe enterprise version of Fibre Channelshares same network layers Director switches can support FICON and FC Some edge switches support FICON
FICON mainframe and storage
Director switch FC hosts and storage

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Outline
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SNIA Shared Storage Model
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As a basis for common definitions, communications, understanding and increased interoperability
The Storage Industry
Customers
To understand and compare vendor offerings
Vendors
To place products in the space of architectures and clarify product differences
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Layered View
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Applications
Host Host LAN
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File/record layer
Host
Host
NAS head
Block layer
SAN
NAS server
Storage Devices
Disk array
DAS
SAN
NAS
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Storage Domain
Applications
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File/record layer
Files/Databases
Storage Domain
Database (dbms)
File system (FS)
Packing many smaller things into a few larger ones..
Block Layer
Block Aggregation
Host
Network
Block layer
Block Aggregation address mapping, concatenation, striping, mirroring Device Storage Devices disk drives, tape drives, solid state disk
Storage Devices
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Review Questions
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1. Which architecture(s) is/are optimized for block-level data transfer? 2. Which architecture(s) incur(s) low initial cost, but high recurring costs? 3. What are the advantages of SAN over NAS? (Choose two.) 4. What is the purpose of the SNIA Shared Storage Model? (Choose three)
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Discussion
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How can DAS, NAS, and SAN co-exist in the same data center? What applications are suitable for each storage architecture?
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03 Architectures v300

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03 Architectures v300

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Storage Networking Architectures

Storage Networking Boot Camp

Direct-attached external storage

Tape Device Direct-attached internal storage Direct-attached external storage

DAS Strengths and Limitations

Inexpensive hardware Mature, standardsbased Familiar technology No retraining needed

Limited distance Difficult to manage:

NAS Strengths and Limitations

Relatively inexpensive Ease of management Easily installed

Storage Area Network

SAN Strengths and Limitations

Comparing Architecture DAS

File I/O Block I/O

Scalability and Availability

SAN NAS DAS

Storage Transport Protocols Fibre Channel

NOTE: Fibre Channel and SAN are not synonymous

Channels and Networks

I/O Channel (e.g. SCSI) Network (e.g. Ethernet)

xFew devices x Static addressing Low latency x Short distances Hardware-based

Many devices Dynamic addressing x High latency Long distances xSoftware-based

Channels and Networks

Many devices Dynamic addressing Low latency Long distances Hardware-based

Why Fibre Channel?

Why Fibre Channel?

Fibre Channel carries, or encapsulates, other communication protocols:

Multi-protocol switch or router

Distributed Fibre Channel SAN

FICON mainframe and storage

Director switch FC hosts and storage

SNIA Shared Storage Model

As a basis for common definitions, communications, understanding and increased interoperability

The Storage Industry

File system (FS)

Packing many smaller things into a few larger ones..

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