Low Carbon Industries and Climate Change for Myanmar

Present by Thet Htar Su Hlaing

24-8-2011 to 6-9-2011

Beijing, China

Climate Change in Myanmar

Signed UNFCCC on 11 June 1992 and ratified the convention

on 25 November 1994. Ratified Kyoto Protocol in 2003. NCEA is focal point for UNFCCC. Myanmar has no obligations of reducing GHG emissions but needs to implement some obligations to participate in global climate change campaign.
GHG Inventory (Asia Least-cost Greenhouse Gas Abatement Strategy ALGAS conducted in 1995-1998).

Preparing National Communications (Initial national communication) INC Project: January 2008 December 2010 (36 months)
Preparing National Adaptation Programmes (National Adaptation Programmes for Action) NAPA Project: April 2009 September 2010 (18 months)

GHG Inventory ALGAS experience

Inventory conducted during 1995-1998 with funding from the

GEF through UNDP

Assessed CO2 emissions and removals and other GHG

emissions (CH4, N2O, NOx, CO) in Energy, Agriculture, Landuse Change and Forestry, and Industrial processes.
Estimated baseline GHG projections scenario to 2020 Formulated a national least-cost GHG abatement projects Prepared a national GHG action plan

Energy Sector
The national GHG inventory in energy sector covers three major GHGs: CO2, CH4 and N2O. The main sources of GHG emissions examined are fossil fuel combustion, traditional biomass fuel combustion, fugitive emissions from coal mining activities, and oil and natural gas system. Fossil Fuel combustion, one of the largest contributors to GHG emissions in Myanmar, can be broadly categorized into four groups for emission assessment, i.e. energy industries, manufacturing industries and construction, transport and other sectors having emissions from energy consumption. Myanmars energy resources depend almost on commercial sources such as hydropower and petroleum fuels.

Myanmar National Greenhouse Gases Inventory for 1990, Gg

CO2
Energy Industrial processes Agriculture Land-use change and forestry Waste Total 3311.81 180.44 -9402 (6358672988) -5909.75

CH4
119.79 1767.73 118.67

N2 O
0.84 6.72 0.82

NOx
71.01 0.45 -

CO
1095.49 24.19 -

Total (CO2 eq)

6086.14 180.44 39202.92 - 6655.73

127.92 2134.11

8.38

71.46

1119.68

2686.43 41500.20

Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Myanmar

MYANMAR NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GASES INVENTORY FOR 1990, Gg

A
-16.04%

E
6.47%

A
14.67%

All Energy (Fuel Combustion + Fugitive)

Industrial Processes Agriculture Land-use Change and Forestry Waste

0.43%

B C D E

94.47 %

Baseline Sectoral Projections of GHGs Inventories to 2020

70000

GHGs emissions, Gg CO2 equivalent

60000 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 1990 -10000 -20000

2000

2010

2020

Energy

Forestry

Agriculture

Waste

Proportions of CO2-equivalent emissions from energy sector by sources

Transportation
Fuel use change (from diesel, gasoline to CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) Natural Gas potential Model shift (truck transport to sea and railway transport for long distance transportation). Use of public buses, train and ships instead of using private small vehicles. Spread of low-pollution vehicles, clean energy automobiles. Reduce the use of diesel, and gasoline by sectors

BEFORE

( MERCURY )

HAZARDOUS WASTE OPERATION

SUBMERGED WELL CONCRETE, SEALED TYPE

AFTER

Trend of GHG emissions in Energy sector

Carbon dioxide emissions depend on the type and amount of energy consumed, and energy consumption is closely linked to the socio-economic development of a country. Energy use in Myanmar is increasing faster in the transportation sector than in any other sector.

The growing population, increased urbanization and industrialization are accelerating the growth in the ownership of motor vehicles, refrigeration and air conditioning and various energy intensive products.
These are some of the main factors underlying the rapidly increasing greenhouse gases.

Current status of Air Pollution in Yangon

The degree of air pollution caused by industries has been minimal due to still low level of industrialization.

ALCOHOL FACTORY

However industrial expansion is expected in the near future owing to the recent change in the country's economic policy that will increase involvement of the private sector and foreign investments in its economic and industrial activities.

SUGAR FACTORY WASTE MINIMIZATION

Emissions from Energy Sector (Gg )

Industrial Sector
In the industrial sector, there are two ministries: Ministry of Industry1 and Ministry of Industry 2.

The Ministry of Industry 1 covers textile industries, foodstuff industries, pharmaceutical industries, ceramic industries, general and maintenance industries and paper and chemical industries.
Under the Ministry of Industry 2, there are nine major factories and an Industrial Training School. The factories under the Ministry of Industry 2 produce various kinds of tires and tubes, trucks, light vehicles, bicycles, pumping machines, hand-tractors, tractors, threshers, hoes, bulbs, florescent tubes, dry cells, transformers, electric metres and household electrical equipments.

Industrial Processes and Product Use Sector

GHG emissions from various types of industrial processes are not energy-use related emissions. related to physical and chemical transformations of materials, in which GHGs such as CO2, CH4, N2O and other gases are released. preparation of the industrial processes inventories was basically based on the IPCC methodology.

GHG emissions from industrial processes and product use in the year 2000 (Gg)

CO2-equivalent emissions by sources of industrial processes and product use

 Annual Increase in Biomass Carbon Stocks

The annual increases in biomass carbon stocks in the land use change and forestry sector were calculated for the following categories: Natural forests Forest plantations Home garden trees Roadside trees

Annual Decrease in Biomass Carbon Stocks

Annual decrease in biomass carbon stocks due to biomass losses for the year 2000 was calculated for the following activities: Loss of carbon by wood removal Loss of carbon by fuelwood removal Loss of carbon by harvested wood products (HWP) Biomass burning following land clearing Site preparation for forest plantations Shifting cultivation Deforestation

Annual increase in carbon stocks and annual carbon dioxide removals for the year 2000

Dry Zone Greening Project In Central Myanmar

Title: Keywords : Location : Time frame:

Greening the Dry Zone desertification, water supply, social & economic development Myanmar (Central Dry Zone) since 1994

"Clean and Green City Activities".

Department of Playground and Gardening has already planted 129302 shaded trees and 971917 flower plants all over the Yangon City areas.

Carbon dioxide removals (Gg) by different activities for the year 2000

Mitigation Options Assessment for KeySocio Economic Sectors

Energy and Indusrial Sector Reduction of CO2 emissions depends on the development of conversion technologies and efficiency, and on fuel characteristics. Hence, mitigation options considered in the assessment to reduce CO2 emissions can be grouped into three categories:
(i) energy conservation or efficiency improvements, (ii) replacing carbon-intensive energy sources with less carbonintensive sources and (iii) promoting new and renewable sources of energy.

National Strategies on GHG Emission Reduction

To implement appropriate and effective responses to climate change, the following are priorities for Myanmar.
promotion of the use and development of renewable energy use of clean and efficient energy for industry, transportation, commercial and residential sectors use of CNG as fuel for commercial vehicles as fuel switching in transportation sector use of energy saving LED lighting to replace mercury and sodium vapour lamps use of Solar Electric Panel to discourage use of fossil fuels for rural electrification replacing some biomass or HSD cook stoves with biogas stoves use of new technologies such as efficient lighting and air-conditioning and refrigeration systems with higher overall energy efficiency to replace the existing less efficient systems promoting renewable energy technologies in place of fossil fuel generators wherever they are technologically and economically feasible encouraging energy conservation through promoting good house-keeping practices in industrial, commercial and domestic sectors

Identification and justification Confidence Level (CL) of climate change impacts on the Indicators of the key socioeconomic sectors